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Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
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Reconstruction Questions need to be answered • Should the slaveholding southerners be punished? • What rights should be granted to free African Americans? • How can the nation be brought back together? Lincoln’s Plan • Ten Percent Plan- Only ten percent of voters from a state were needed to claim oath to the Union in order for it to form a new government • Offered a Pardon to all white southerners who were not leaders. • Supported right to vote for African Americans who fought in the War or were educated- but still did not grant them equal rights. Wade-Davis Bill • A majority of white males in the state had to swear loyalty to the Union in order for it to be let back in. • Confederates could not hold public office • Had to adopt new state constitution banning slavery Freedmen’s Bureau • Helped the transition process for freed African Americans. • Distributed food, clothing, medicine • Provided schools, hospitals, ect… • Helped acquire land • Offered transportation Lincoln Assassinated • Killed by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s theater • Vice President Andrew Johnson took over as President • How did he deal with the issue of free African Americans? • While Pres Johnson opposed granting all freed Africans voting rights he did force all states to ratify the thirteenth amendment- banning slavery. Radicals in Control • The Southern States began laying out new governments • Many of the new representatives had been high ranking confederates • How do you think they were received when they reached Washington D.C. • They thought nothing had changed, Africans were still being treated unfairly Black Codes • Similar to the ones prior to the civil war • Fined African Americans who were not working • Banned Africans form owning farms • Allowed whites to take orphaned African Americans as the apprentices Challenging the Black Codes • Congress began to step in grant Freedmen Bureau new powers. • Passed Civil Rights Act of 1866- granted full citizenship to African Americans. • Johnson vetoed both plans but was overruled by Congress. Fourteenth Amendment • Granted full citizenship to all individuals born in the United States. • Said no state could take away a citizens life liberty or property • Congress said that southern states had to ratify fourteenth amendment in order to be readmitted to the Union. – Only Tennessee signs • Johnson urges both Northerners and Southerners to reject this plan. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Since 10 Southern States did not ratify they were placed under military rule. • Also guaranted African Americans right to vote in state elections.. And they did • Republicans took over control of Southern governments. Impeach • Strongly opposed to his rule congress attempted to impeach President Johnson • They were unsuccessful but it was seen as a disgrace to the presidency • In the next election Republican supported civil war general Ulysses S. Grant. He won • Quickly after Congress passed the 15th amendment- prohibited states from denying the right to vote to any male citizens because of race, color, or previous servitude.