Download Unit 8 - Ector County ISD

Unit 8
Dates: Pink
People: Yellow
Events: Blue
Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction
(Civil War 1861-1865)
• How does this picture describe the era of Texas
during the Civil War?
1. Color your Civil War Map
2. Complete your key/legend
3. Label when Texas seceded (M/D/Y)
Make a Large Bubble Chart Like
This
Reasons Texas was involved in
the Civil War
• State’s Rights – Texans believed that the federal
government should not intervene in state
decisions.
• Slavery – Texans believed slavery was vital to the
economy. Why?
• Sectionalism- What is sectionalism?
• The Texas economy, social structure, customs
and political values were much like other
southern states.
Reasons Continued
• Texans wanted low tariffs to continue as they
traded cotton with European nations.
• What is a tariff ?
• A tariff is a tax that is placed on an imported
good.
• Southern states produced 80% of the world’s
supply of cotton.
• http://youtu.be/etJchh-eFcI
Political, Economic,
and Social effects
of the Civil War and
Reconstruction in
Texas
Political Effects
• What does political mean?
• Make a bubble map of the following political effects
of the Civil War.
• Texas joins the Confederate States of America
(February 1, 1861)
• Houston removed from office because he failed to
sign an oath to the confederacy- (March 1861)
• Conscription Act – 60,000 Texans joined the
Confederate army
• Some Texans sided with the Union and joined the
Union forces
Economic Effects
• What does economic mean?
• Make a bubble map of the economic effects of the Civil
War.
• Shortages of commodities, such as coffee, medicine,
clothing, salt, paper
• Trade along the Mexican border continued and supplied
some of these items to Texas
• Cotton production declines-corn and wheat production
increases
• Shortage of free labor
• Inadequate production in agriculture and business
• Shortages were also due to the Union blockade along the
Texas Coast
Social Effects
• What does social mean?
• Make a bubble map of the social effects of the
Civil War.
• Loss of family members
• Union supporters were treated with hostility
• Greater responsibilities for women and children
during the war. Why?
Reconstruction in
Texas
Political Effects of Reconstruction
• Make a bubble map of the political effects of
Reconstruction.
• Martial Law – What is martial law?
• The Constitution of 1876 was written. This is the current
constitution for Texas.
• Indian Wars – The government removes Native Americans
from the frontier
• Make a bubble map of the Reconstruction amendments.
• Reconstruction Amendments
– 13th Amendment (1865) legally forbade slavery in the U.S
– 14th Amendment (1868) all persons born in the U.S. (except Native
Americans) were citizens and that all citizens were entitled to
equal rights regardless of their race, and their rights were
protected by the due process of the law
– 15th Amendment (1870) granted black men the right to vote
Economic Effects
• Make a bubble map of the Economic effects of
Reconstruction.
• Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping
• What is a sharecropper?
• Expansion of Railroad
• Cattle industry booms
Social Effects
• Make a bubble map of the social effects of Reconstruction.
• Concern over the future of freedmen
• What is a freedman?
• Juneteenth – June 19th, 1865 – Emancipation Day in Texas (African Americans learn
they are free)
• What does emancipate mean?
• Freedmen’s bureau established
• What was the bureau for?
• Black Codes (State laws that limit the rights of African Americans)
• Ku Klux Klan (terrorized African American voters and kept them away from the
polls)
Significant
Individuals and
Events Concerning
Texas and the Civil
War
Significant Individuals
• John Bell Hood – leader of the Confederacy’s
Hood Texas brigade
– Most notable battle Seven Day’s Campaign and fought at
Gettysburg
– Ft. Hood in Killeen is named for him
• John Reagan- Served in the cabinet of Confederate
President Jefferson Davis as Postmaster General
• Francis Lubbock – Governor of Texas in 1861. Camp
assistant to Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Significant Individuals
• Thomas Green – Confederate general who led
the troops that were on the gunboats.
• John Magruder- Commanded Confederate forces
in Texas and retook Galveston.
Lawrence Sullivan “Sul” Ross – General in the
Confederate army
 19th Governor of Texas
 President of Texas A&M University
Significant Events
The first battle of the Civil War was at
Fort Sumter, South Carolina-April 12, 1861
• Battle of Galveston
• Make a timeline of the following events.
– July 1861 -Union Navy blockades Texas ports.
– October 1862 – Union fleet sailed into Galveston Harbor
and Confederate forces retreated.
– Confederate General John B. Magruder recaptured
Galveston by converting two steamboats into gunboats
by lining their sides with cotton bales earning the
nickname “Cotton Clads”
– January 1, 1863 – General John B. Magruder and his
men attacked Union forces in Galveston Bay capturing
several hundred soldiers.
– The city of Galveston was again under Confederate
control.
Battle of Sabine Pass
• Make a timeline of the following events.
• 1863- The Union made plans to invade Texas.
• Union General William B. Franklin and 5000
troops hoped to land his army near Sabine City
and then march overland to attack Houston and
Beaumont.
• Ft. Griffin at Sabine Pass was guarded by
Confederate Lieutenant Richard Dowling and
Davis Guards.
• September 8, 1863 Union Soldiers attacked but
the Davis Guards fought back making a complete
victory for the Confederacy.
Battle of Palmito Ranch
• Make a timeline of the following events.
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to
Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox
Courthouse, but Confederate forces did not stop
fighting for another month because word spread
slowly.
• May 12, 1865 – The Union army moved inland to
occupy Brownsville. This battle was fought along the
Rio Grande River.
• They collided with Confederate troops led by John S.
Ford who captured over 100 Union troops and
battled with them.
• Union troops informed the Confederate troops that
the war was over.
•Texas was readmitted to
the Union on March 20,
1870
Structure and
Functions of
Government
Municipal Level – Town or City
Mayor- manages the city’s government
Functions– Make a Bubble Map
1)police and fire protection,
2) emergency medical services (ambulances),
3) sewers and water lines
4) inspection of health and sanitation rules
5) zoning rules that govern what kinds of buildings may be placed in
certain parts of the city.
County Level (254 Counties in Texas)
• Structure – Precincts, Each precinct has a county
commissioner, headed by a county judge
• Functions – Make a Bubble Map
1)Help the state collect taxes,
2)oversee and administer law enforcement,
3)provide services to the rural (outside the city)
population
State Level
Executive Branch – Governor and Lieutenant
Governor
Who is our current Governor and Lieutenant
Governor?
Functions – Make a Bubble Map
1)Maintain highways
2)interpret and enforce laws, a prison system, and
a National Guard
3)supports public schools, colleges, and
universities, and public health
Sources of Revenue for State and
Local Government
• What is revenue?
•
State and local governments are funded by ____________, such
as:
• Property Tax – A tax based on the value of your property.
• Sales Tax – A consumption tax set at 6.25% (Cities, Counties,
Etc. may impose and additional 2%) largest source of tax
revenue.
State and local governments receive federal funds for projects.
Federal funds – Second largest source of tax revenue.
• State and local governments collect fees
– Licenses and permits, utilities, etc.
– Interest on investments, state lottery, and money earned from public
lands
– TEA (Texas Education Agency) Provides standards and policies for
education in Texas
Rights of Texas
Citizens
Rights defined in the Texas Constitution and
Texas Bill of Rights
Article One of the Texas
Constitution (Texas Bill of Rights)
• Make a bubble chart.
• Freedom of Worship
• Freedom of speech and press
• Freedom of assembly
• Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures
• Equality under the law
• Fair trial and rights of the accused in criminal
prosecutions
• Rights of Crime Victims:
Notification of court proceedings
the right to present at all hearings
the right to be notified of the accused release from
prison