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THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
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The Civil War: Union vs
Confederacy
CAUSE #1?
• Election of Lincoln
• Southern States felt
they were bullied by
the North when he
was elected
1860
Election
Results
Cause #2
•States’ Rights
regarding taxation
and slavery
Nullification Crisis
• Nullify means to ignore
• In 1832, South Carolina said they
could “nullify” federal law by simply
ignoring it.
• President Jackson threatened to
send federal troops – SC chilled, for
now.
Cause 3:Abolitionism
Abolitionists
• Frederick Douglas was the editor of an
abolitionist newspaper.
Harriet Tubman
•
Helped slaves escape via the
Underground Railroad.
John Brown
• He and his sons
brutally
murdered 5
slave masters in
Kansas. (1858)
• Tried to incite a
slave revolt
Cause 4: slavery
Compromise of 1850
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
1811 - 1896
So this is the lady who
started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
1852
 Sold 300,000 copies in
the first year.
 2 million in a decade!
Cause 5: Sectionalism
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
Sectionalism at its worst!
Sen. Charles Sumner
(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks
(D-SC)
The war begins - the firing on
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
The first States secede
Advantages of the Union (north)?
• Union had double the
population
• Double the railroads
• 5 times as many
factories
Confederate (Rebel) advantages
(South)
• Confederates had the best
generals
• Defending is always easier than
attacking
• Farmers fight better than
factory workers
1863
Emancipation Proclamation
• It freed the slaves only in states
that have seceded from the Union.
• It did not free slaves in border
states.
• 1863
• Emancipation = freedom
Gettysburg – turning point
• Gettysburg is the largest battle in
the history of the Western
hemisphere.
• Over 100, 000 people died in 3
days.
• It was the last time the South
invaded the North.
Technology made Civil
War . . .
The Monitor
More efficient and deadly
Confederate Dead
Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
The 54th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863
Blacks in the Military
William Carney
• After the Emancipation
Proclamation blacks
began to join the Union
Army
• Initially they were only
used for manual labor
• Eventually, Blacks saw
live combat
• 54th regiment out of
Massachusetts
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Civil War ended when Lee
surrendered to Grant at
APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE