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The Expansion of
America
Mid Term Review
The Civil War
1. The Southern economy in the early 1800’s was
agricultural and relied heavily on slavery and cotton
2. Pennsylvania was not a slave state.
3. When the Civil War began, Abraham Lincoln’s goal
was to restore the Union
4. The Battle of Gettysburg is considered the turning
point in the war.
5. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves behind
Confederate lines.
6. General Grant focused on capturing Vicksburg
because it was one of only 2 Confederate holdouts
preventing the Union from taking complete control of the
Mississippi River.
7. Explain the Union’s 3 Part Anaconda Plan:
Blockade Southern Ports
Capture the Confederate Capital at Richmond
Split the Confederacy in two
8. Grant and Sherman’s strategy of Total War
targeted not only the Confederate Army but also
the civilian population and resources of the South
9. President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address as
a dedication to a cemetery during the Civil War.
10.Sherman’s March was a military campaign that
destroyed the South’s will to fight and made many
civilians sick of war
11.General William Tecumseh Sherman believed in total
warfare cutting a path of destruction from Atlanta to
Savannah, Georgia.
12.Robert E. Lee was the commander of Confederate
forces throughout the entire Civil War.
13.Union General Ulysses S. Grant won the Battle of
Vicksburg by using aggressive tactics.
14.The Confederate surrender took place at Appomattox
Court House.
15.Who assassinated President Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth
16.Who is the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Reconstruction
1. Why didn’t African Americans gain true equality
after the Civil War?
many white Southerners refused to accept equal
rights for blacks
2. The 14th Amendment defines an American citizen
as anyone born or naturalized in the United States.
3. The 13th Amendment abolishes slavery in the US.
4. Thaddeus Stevens was the Congressional leader of
the Radical Republicans.
5. The Radical Republicans believed that Congress
should be in charge of Reconstruction policy.
6. The 15th Amendment states that no one can be excluded
from voting because of race, color or previous condition
of servitude.
7. Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan was more
moderate than the Radical Republicans plan.
8. When Reconstruction began, wealthy landowners living
in the South tended to support the Democratic Party.
9. The Radical Republicans were considered radical because
they: wanted to give African Americans civil rights
10.Democrats in the South were given back the right to vote
and hold office by the: Amnesty Act
11.Jim Crow Laws required the separation of the races in
the South after Reconstruction
12.After the war ended, the federal government sent troops
into the South to: limit violence and voter intimidation
against African Americans and enforce civil rights
13.Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to
impeach President Andrew Johns because: he
tried to veto all civil rights legislation Congress
tried to pass
14.Impeachment is to be brought up on charges of
misconduct while in office.
15.In 1867, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act
abolishing the governments formed in the former
Confederate states and dividing those states into 5
military districts.
16.List the 3 ways in which white Southerners tried
to circumvent the effects of Reconstruction: used
the KKK, literacy tests and property requirements
as a voting requirement
17.The system of sharecropping was least beneficial
to sharecroppers
18.A state government that is run without federal
intervention is known as: home rule
19.The Compromise of 1877 signaled the end to
Reconstruction
20.White Democrats returning to power in Southern
state governments is an example of redemption
21.The KKK sought to restore white supremacy in the
post-Civil War South with terrorist intimidation
tactics. They also tried to keep African Americans
from being able to vote.
22.President Andrew Johnson believed that
Reconstruction was the job of the President.
23.Which US President was a famous Union General
who experienced a great deal of scandal in his
cabinet? Ulysses S. Grant
24.President Rutherford B. Hayes faced part of a
disputed election that led to the Compromise of
1877.
The West
1. The Massacre at Wounded Knee marked the end of
the wars between the federal government and the
Plains Indians.
2. The buffalo provided many basic needs for the Plains
Indians and was central to their way of life.
3. Why did the policy of treating the Great Plains as a
huge reservation change? White settlers began
wanting the land on the Plains
4. The transcontinental railroad was most responsible
for bringing an end to the era of the wide – open
Western frontier.
5. The Homestead Act encouraged white families to
move Westward and to develop the lands in the West.
6. The Homestead Act offered 160 acres of free land
to any head of household.
7. The belief that the United States was ordained by
God to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Oceans was called what? Manifest Destiny
8. The cowboy was a low paid worker in the cattle
industry who was romanticized into an American
icon.
9. Two reasons for the destruction of the buffalo was
they were being shot for sport, and they were
killed to avoid interfering with the railroads
10.The Dawes Act tried to “Americanize” Native
Americans through assimilation.
11.Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire
12.Red Cloud was a leader of the Sioux who refused to sign the
Treaty of Ft. Laramie that forced the Sioux to move to
reservations.
13.General George Armstrong Custer died along with his entire
regiment at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
14.Chief Joseph the leader of the Nez Perce sadly proclaimed, “
I will fight no more forever.”
15.Longhorns (cattle) became a huge commodity on the plains
as growing cities looked for a new food source.
16.Wheat grown in the Great Plains created the nickname “the
Breadbasket of America” for that region.
17.The buffalo were the lifeblood of the Plains Indians; the
destruction of it led to the end of the way of life for the
Plains Indians.
Industrialization
1. To improve labor conditions, many industrial workers formed
unions.
2. People who favored the concept of nativism feared and
opposed immigration.
3. Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
4. Who invented the light bulb? Thomas Alva Edison
5. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller earned massive
fortunes in the new industrial age of the early 1900’s.
6. The use of standardized time and time zones was introduced
in order to benefit the railroads and travelers
7. The idea that people are wealthy because they are the fittest
people who work hard, while people are poor because they
are unfit for our society and are lazy is known as: Social
Darwinism.
8. Social Darwinism discouraged government regulation
9. President Grant’s administration was plagued with
corruption, like the Credit Mobilier Scandal.
10.Andrew Carnegie founded the steel industry in
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
11.J.P. Morgan was a successful investment banker who
bought out Carnegie Steel in 1901.
12.John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil.
13.New methods of making steel made it possible to
construct skyscrapers in the late 1800’s.
14.The Haymarket Square Riot broke out after a strike
turned violent.