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Reconstruction and Jim Crow * After the Civil War (1851-1865), the defeated Confederate states in the south needed to be readmitted to the Union of the United States. The south had to follow rules known as: * Reconstruction: from 1865-1877, this was the period of rebuilding in the south after the war in which the federal government gave the states terms for re-joining the Union. Terms of Reconstruction * Southern states had to construct a new government * Had to allow African Americans to serve in state legislatures * Agree to terms of Civil War Amendments: * 13th Amendment - freed former slaves * 14th Amendment - rights of citizenship * 15th Amendment - rights of voting for African American males Help from the North * In 1865, the North helps to establish the Freedmen’s Bureau * The Freedmen’s Bureau helped to assist former slaves and poor whites by: * distributing food and clothing * setting up hospitals, schools, industrial institutes, and teacher-training centers Resistance * Most southerners opposed Reconstruction in various ways. * Black codes were discriminatory laws passed by southern states that severely restricted African Americans’ lives by prohibiting blacks from * carrying weapons * serving on juries * testifying against whites * marrying whites * traveling without permits * owning land Resistance, cont.....Ku Klux Klan: * Began as a social organization for former Confederate soldiers * Goal was to restore white supremacy * Used violence to prevent African Americans from voting * They opposed Reconstruction Resistance, cont....Jim Crow Laws * Under the power of the 10th Amendment, southern states created Jim Crow laws that separated/segregated white and black people in public and private facilities. * Jim Crow laws were a direct attack on the 14th Amendment