Download Unit 3: Civil War and Reconstructions

GPS 8-10
 Essential Question: What effect did the westward
expansion have on the arguments leading up to the Civil
War?
 Standard: SSUSH8 The student will explain the
relationship between growing north-south divisions and
westward expansion.
a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in
American politics, include the slave rebellion of Nat
Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd
Garrison, Frederick Douglas and the Grimke sisters)
b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of
slavery in western states and territories.
 Who was Frederick Douglas?
Bell work
2. Unpack standards
3. Video: America the Story of US
1.
Essential Question: How did westward expansion contribute to the
growing division between the north and south?
Standard: SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between
growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.
Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics;
include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism
(William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters).
Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western
states and territories.
Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights
ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of
sectionalism.
Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.
Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion
and population growth.
 How did westward expansion contribute to the
division of the north and south?
Bell work
2. Chart: SSUSH8
3. Video: Pierce and Polk
1.
Essential Question: What major events caused the Civil War to ignite?
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to
the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a.
Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty,
Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.
b.
Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his
second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency
powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c.
Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson,
William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d.
Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg,
Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these
battles.
e.
Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f.
Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the
North and the South through an examination of population, functioning
railroads, and industrial output.
 Bell work
 Explain the significance of the war with Mexico.
Bell work
2. Notes: Events leading to the Civil War
3. Political Cartoon Activity
4. Create your own political cartoon
1.
 Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois again raised the issue of
1.
2.



slavery in 1854 – Illinois had 2 things to gain from the admittance
of Kansas and Nebraska in the Union
Chicago would benefit from running a railroad through Kansas
and Nebraska
Douglas wanted to be President – he needed support of
Southern Democrats to win – they would object to admitting
Kansas and Nebraska as free states
To win support of both, Douglas introduced the KansasNebraska Act – it supported the idea of popular sovereignty – the
idea of letting the citizens of the state choose for themselves
Douglas wanted the Missouri Compromise repealed to do this
The bill passed, but Douglas turned out to be wrong about
almost everything connected with it
 John Brown was an abolitionist who believed that he was





send by god to end slavery
On October 16, 1859, Brown led a band of 21 men, black
and white, in a raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (now West
Virginia)
The aim was to seize the federal arsenal there and then
distribute the weapons to slaves so they could start an
uprising
No slaves joined the insurrection and eventually Brown and
his men were captured by a detachment of Marines, led by
Robert E. Lee – 8 men were killed in the process
Brown was convicted and hanged for treason – becoming a
martyr for his cause for some
 Democrats nominated James Buchanan
 Supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-
Nebraska Act.
 Republicans nominated John C. Fremont
 Declared that the federal government had the right to
restrict slavery in the territories and called for the
admission of Kansas as a free state.
 Know-Nothings nominated Millard Fillmore (former
President)
 Buchanan won. He stated that the slavery issue was now
“approaching its end.”
 Dred Scott, an enslaved man living in Missouri, filed
suit against his owner, arguing that because he and his
wife had once lived in states and territories where
slavery was illegal, they were free
 In a 7 to 2 decision, the Supreme Court ruled against
Scott in Dred Scott v. Sandford
 The court ruled slaves were not citizens and had no
right to sue in court and could not win freedom simply
because they were once in a free territory or state
 The Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional
– all territories were open to slavery
 Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas faced reelection in 1858 – his







opponent was Abraham Lincoln
The two men were radically different
Douglas was short and stout and essentially a professional politician –
he appeared regal
Lincoln came from humble roots, was tall, skinny, and awkward – he
appeared more common
The 2 met in a series of debates known as a Lincoln-Douglas debates –
they highlighted 2 important principles, majority rules and minority
rights
Douglas believed that state members had the right to rule as they
wished, including on the issue of slavery
Lincoln did not believe that a majority should have the right to rule
over a minority’s basic rights
Douglas won the election
 Before the election of 1860, it was clear that Northerners would not accept a









Southern president and vice versa
At the Democratic Party convention in Charleston, the Northern and Southern
delegates were unable to agree on a Presidential candidate – the divisive issue was
slavery
Southern delegates met separately and nominated John C. Breckinridge
Northern delegates nominated Stephen Douglas
Moderate southerners from border states (DE, MD, KY, MO) met to form their own
party, the Constitutional Union Party, and nominated John Bell of TN
The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln after rejecting their original
candidate, William Seward, because they feared he was too extreme in his views on
anti-slavery
The election proved that North and South were completely divided – there were no
national parties
In the north, voters chose between Lincoln and Douglas
In the south, voters chose between Breckinridge and Bell (Lincoln’s name didn’t
even appear on many southern ballots)
Lincoln won the election without winning a single electoral vote in the south
Candidate
Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
Abraham Lincoln
180
1,865,593
John C. Breckinridge
72
848,356
John Bell
39
592,906
Stephen Douglas
12
1,382,713
 Southerners were outraged that Lincoln was elected





without any southern electoral votes – the national
government it seemed had passed out of their hands
Secessionists, or those who wanted the south to secede,
argued that since the states voluntarily joined the U.S., they
could also leave when they wanted
South Carolina officially left the union on December 20,
1860
Six other Lower South states followed over the next few
weeks
They created a new nation, the Confederate States of
America
They elected Jefferson Davis, a former Senator from
Mississippi, President
 In this particular cartoon, titled
"A Premature Movement," a
disheveled and elderly John
Brown, with rifle in hand, is
encouraging an African
American, most likely a slave, to
take one of his pikes and follow
him. The caption says, "Here!
Take this and follow me. My
name's Brown." The slave,
labeled Cuffee in the caption,
responds, "Praise God! Mr.
Brown dat is impossible. We
ain't done seedin' yit at our
house."
 http://randomthoughtsonhistor
y.blogspot.com/2010/04/johnbrown-political-cartoon.html
Essential Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south
during the Civil War?
Standard:
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes,
course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and
John Brown’s Raid.
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural
address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision
to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T.
Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle
for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the
South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
John C. Calhoun is best describe as
a. A southern hero and supporter of state’s rights
b. A southern hero who opposed state’s rights
c. A radical abolitionist
d. The first Southern president
Bell work
2. Check home work
3. Notes: WAR!!!
4. Political Cartoon Activity
1.
 In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln spoke




directly to the Southern states, saying that the power to
avoid civil war was in their hands
Although South Carolina had succeeded from the Union,
federal troops still occupied Fort Sumter, off the coast of
Charleston
A federal supply ship sent to resupply the base in January
had to turn back because Confederate forces fired on it and
would not let the ship through
Lincoln wanted to resupply the fort, but refused to be
responsible for starting the war
Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered Fort Sumter
taken in April 1861 – the nation was at war
 By firing on Fort Sumter, the South had committed a
direct act of rebellion and Lincoln was forced to act
 When he called for volunteers to fight the seceding
states, the remaining southern states (VA, NC, TN,
AR) saw this as an act of war and seceded
 General Irvin McDowell told Lincoln that it would take some time to






get his troops ready to fight, but Lincoln ordered the army into action
The untrained Union army marched towards Manassas, VA – an
important railroad junction south of DC
The Confederates were camped at a stream called Bull Run, 4 miles
from Manassas
It took the Union army to march the 25 miles, giving the Confederate
General Beauregard time to ready his troops and get reinforcements
The Confederate troops were able to hold the land, eventually forcing
the Union troops to retreat
This was the first official battle of the Civil War, but was rather small in
scale
This battle also made a legend out of Confederate General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
Northern Advantages
Southern Advantages
 An already established
 Most of the nation’s military




government
More people Northern
pop. 21.5 million
Southern pop. 9 million
Twice as much railroad
track
More factories – 110,100 in
the North vs. 20,600 in the
South
colleges were in the South, so
a majority of the nation’s
trained officers were southern
and sided with the South
 Southern army only needed
to defend its territory to win
the war – they didn’t need to
initiate any action
 Southerners believed they
were struggling for their way
of life – they had a cause
everyone could relate to
 After the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln ordered the
Southern ports blockaded so they couldn’t send their
cotton to Europe or import goods
 The strategy was to try and choke the south – they
needed to do this because the Union wasn’t ready to
fight yet
 The South’s strategy was to prepare and wait – many
hoped Lincoln would let them go in peace
 Southern leaders decided to discontinue the
production of cotton, hoping European leaders would
put pressure on Lincoln to end the war









Essential Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south
during the Civil War?
Standard:
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the
causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case,
and John Brown’s Raid.
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second
inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as
his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T.
Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the
Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the
South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial
output.
Bell work
2. Notes: The Civil War
3. Graph: Battle of the Civil War
4. Primary Document with analysis (Picture of Adeline
Williams and Johnson letters)
1.
 Anaconda Plan – idea of General Winfield Scott, it was
a plan to surround the Confederacy and cutting off all
supply lines
 Lincoln was concerned that Maryland would join the
Confederacy.
 He placed the state under martial law and suspended
habeas corpus.
 The guarantee that a person cannot be imprisoned
without being brought before a judge.
 Lincoln also put in place a draft
 January 1, 1863 – followed a Union victory at Antietam,
Maryland.
 The proclamation freed the slaves in the Confederate
States, while maintaining slavery in the border states
loyal to the Union.
 Encouraged free African Americans to serve in the
Union Army.
 As the war progressed, it became obvious that the
Northern was better able to deal with the hardships of
war than the south.
Southern Economic
Problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
Food shortage: Invading
armies disrupted food
and cotton production
labor shortage: men were
off fighting, women had
to fill in
inflation – 1 and 2 led to
a higher price of goods
Conf. Army desertions
Northern Economic
Boom
factories could produce
everything the people
and army needed
2. women filled in for
men in the factories
1.
 disease kills many soldiers: poor nutrition and
contaminated food led to dysentery and typhoid fever,
malaria
 Union soldier 3 times more likely to die in a camp or
hospital than killed on the battlefield
 Doctors did not know how to sterilize their equipment
 Many women became nurses, including Clara Barton
and Dorothea Dix
 Lincoln changed the Generals in charge of the army





routinely
Nov. 1862 – General Ambrose Burnside put in charge of
Union army
His tactical errors led to the Union loss at the Battle of
Fredericksburg in Dec. 1862 – Burnside decided to cross
the river right in front of Lee’s troops
Burnside was forced to resign and General Joseph Hooker
was put in charge
Through a series of sly divisions of Lee’s army, the Union
forces were defeated at Chancellorsville in May 1863
This was the low point for the Union war effort
 After the Union defeat in Chancellorsville, Lee
marched his army North into PA
 It was rumored that many members of Lee’s army were
looking for a stock of shoes near Gettysburg, PA
 What resulted was the 3-day Battle of Gettysburg, the
greatest battle ever fought in NA
 23,000 of 85,000 Union soldiers were casualties
 28,000 of 75,000 Conf. Soldiers were casualties
 the bloodiest battle of the Civil War
 Given four months after the battle
 Ceremony dedicating a cemetery on the sight of the
battlefield.
 Powerful affirmation of Lincoln’s desire to see the
Union survive and the nation reunited.









Essential Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south
during the Civil War?
Standard:
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the
causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case,
and John Brown’s Raid.
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second
inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as
his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T.
Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the
Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the
South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial
output.
No bell work: Finish battles chart
2. Discuss chart
3. Primary document analysis
4. Movie: Glory
1.








Essential Question: How did Lincoln increase the power of the presidency in order to
win the Civil War?
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the
causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a.
Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott
case, and John Brown’s Raid.
b.
Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second
inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as
his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c.
Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William
T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d.
Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the
Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e.
Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f.
Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and
the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial
output.
Bell work: Explain the treatment of the African
American soldiers as portrayed in “Glory.”
2. Finish movie
3. Discuss the significance of the African American
soldiers in the war effort of the North.
4. Work on projects. – Have the students construct the
rubric.
1.
 Candidates – Abraham Lincoln (Republican) and
George McClellan (Democrats)
 McClellan was one of the generals Lincoln had fired
 Lincoln initially believed he would lose badly, but
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta changed public opinion
Lincoln was easily reelected, winning 212 of the
possible 233 electoral votes
 By April 1865, there were less than 35,000 starving men
still defending Richmond
 Lee knew he had to get his army out before there were
more desertions – he wanted to reunite his troops with
Johnston’s in NC
 Johnston was fighting Sherman’s troops
 The Conf. troops got as far as the town of Appomattox
Court House, VA, where they were forced to surrender
 Lee and Grant met at The McLean House, a private
home, to discuss the terms of Southern surrender on
Apr. 9, 1865
 Lee was in his dress uniform, sword at his side
 Grant was in his usual private’s uniform, splattered
with mud
 They made small talk and then Lee asked Grant about
the terms of surrender
 Southern soldiers could take their horses and mules




and go home
They would not be punished as traitors as long as they
obeyed the laws where they lived
Grant would feed the starving Confederate army
As news of the surrender spread, Union troops began
to fire their cannons in celebration
Grant stopped them, saying “the rebels are our
countrymen again”
 Throughout the winter of 1864-1865, a group of men
led by actor John Wilkes Booth hatched a plan to help
the confederacy
 Their original plan was to kidnap Lincoln and
exchange him for Confederate prisoners of war
 The plan later included the assassination of top Union
officials, including General Grant and Vice President
Andrew Johnson
 April 14, 1865 – President Lincoln and his wife go to




Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC to see a play
Booth shot Lincoln in the back on the head, jumped
out of the box and onto the stage, breaking his leg
Booth escaped and hid in a barn in Virginia where he
was shot after refusing to surrender
Lincoln was taken to a house across the street where he
died the next morning
None of the other official were ever hurt – Booth’s coconspirators chickened out
Essential Question: What laws were passed during Reconstruction to ensure that
Southern power was limited?
SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of
Reconstruction.
a. Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Republican
Reconstruction.
b. Explain efforts to redistribute land in the South among the former slaves and
provide advanced education (Morehouse College) and describe the role of the
Freedmen’s Bureau.
c. Describe the significance of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
d. Explain Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial
equality during Reconstruction.
e. Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to
Reconstruction.
f. Analyze how the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent compromise
of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bell work: Read except the Gettysburg Address and
answer the questions.
Notes: The End of the War
Stations: Reconstruction
Political Cartoon Analysis: Reconstruction
Video: President Johnson
 Essential Question: What was the reaction by
southerners to the Reconstruction laws?
1. Bell work
2. Discuss standard assignment from yesterday.
3. Johnson Political Cartoon Activity
4. Video: Lincoln and Johnson
5. Bingo
6. Work on project