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The Baroque Era c.1600-1750 Portuguese for Pearl… Referring to the ornate architecture, art, melodies. This period saw many new ideas and innovations Characteristics Music of Baroque Unity of Mood: a piece usually expresses one mood or affection Rhythm: – patterns are repeated through out – the beat is emphasized Melody: repeated, ornamented Use of Diatonic chords of I,IV,V,II,VI Characteristics of Music continued Baroque Terraced Dynamics: – alternation between loud and soft dynamics – organ and harpsichord could not crescendo Musical textures Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Ornaments Trill Turn Mordent Acciaccatura/Appoggiatura Grace note Basso Continuo Common type of accompaniment Bass line with improvised chords – cello or bassoon on bass – harpsichord or organ on harmony Basso continuo The Baroque Orchestra small (10 to 40 players) basso continuo and violin family strings brass, woodwinds and percussion used occasionally, but vary from piece to piece. tone color was subordinate to the melody, rhythm or harmony Music in Baroque Society Music written to order: demand for new music. Main source of diversion in the courts of the aristocracy. Music Director’s job – Pay and prestige were high – compositions were performed – Still a servant of the patron Music in Baroque Society Church musicians – earned less than the court and lower status – supplemented with weddings and funerals Town musicians Opera houses Important composers Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) George Frederick Handel (1685-1759) Henry Purcell (c.1659-1695) Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) George Friderick Handel George Frideric Handel b. Halle, Germany (one month before Bach) in 1685 Devoted his life to music from age 18 First Opera –Rodrigo- was performed in 1710 Appointed Kapellmeister to Elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover (Later becoming George I of England) Promoted with George I to Royal Composer Handel in London Favorite of Queen Anne Wrote ‘Water Music’ in 1717 English Oratorios after failure of Italian Opera Blind - from cataracts Died in 1759 and Buried in Westminster Abbey Handel - Music Instrumental – suites – organ concerti – concerti grossi Vocal Music – 39 Italian operas – Oratorios (mostly in English) The Oratorio a large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra uses choruses, arias, duets, recitatives, and orchestral interludes – chorus acts as commentary last approximately 2 hours The Oratorio Set to a narrative text No acting or scenery Based on the Bible Originally performed in prayer halls called oratorios Handel - Oratorios generally Old Testament for the paying public, not church have plots, but no scenery or acting chorus is the focus Listening: Messiah lasts 2 1/2 hours composed in 24 days Premiered in Dublin, Ireland in 1742 as a benefit for people in debtor's prison later tradition as London orphanage benefit concert Only one to use New Testament verses Messiah - Three Acts Part 1 Prophesies telling of the coming of Christ His Birth Easter Part 2 The Passion of Christ Set mainly to words from the Old Testament Pentecost Part 3 The Resurrection Pentecost Part 3 The Resurrection Structure of an Oratorio Recitative Aria Chorus And the Glory of the Lord Idea 1 And the Glory of the Lord Idea 2 And the glory of the Lord Idea 3 And the glory of the Lord Idea 4