Download Helpful and harmful microoranisms

HELPFUL AND HARMFUL
MICROORGANISMS
What is a microorganism?
What are Microorganisms?

Microorganisms are:
 living
things that are too small to see
 They can be single-celled, made up of one cell
 They can be multi-celled, made of more than one cell
 You need a microscope to see them
What are Microorganisms?

Microorganisms
 Live
in soil, air, and water
 Types
 Bacteria
(largest group)
 Amoebas
 Fungi
 Protozoa (animal like)
 Algae (plant like)
What are Microorganisms?

Bacteria
 Group
of single celled organisms with no nucleus
 Smaller than plant and animal cells
What are Microorganisms?

Amoeba
 Has
a nucleus
 tiny, one-celled organism
 live in water and moist soil or in the bodies of animals
and people
 body is made up of just one cell
 shapeless mass of protoplasm
 Protoplasm
is the living, jelly-like material found in the cells
of all living things.
A
thin, elastic membrane surrounds the protoplasm and
holds it together
What are Microorganisms?

Amoeba
 Water
and gases pass in and out of the amoeba
through the membrane.
 To move around, an amoeba must change its body
shape. The protoplasm pushes out the elastic membrane
to form a pseudopod
 False
 For
foot
each step, another pseudopod is formed.
 eat small particles of dead and decaying plant matter
by slowly wrapping pseudopods around the food. This
becomes a food vacuole inside the amoeba
What are Microorganisms?

Paramecium
 tiny,
one-celled organisms
 live in ponds, and slow-moving streams
 It has only one large nucleus and at least one small
nucleus. It can have more
 made up of watery material.
 It
is clear on the outside and granular on the inside.
What are Microorganisms?

Paramecium
 It
has a stiff layer on the outside that gives it the
permanent shape of a shoe
 It is covered with tiny hairs called cilia. A paramecium
swims by moving its cilia. Fibers connect the cilia on the
underside (bottom) of the paramecium.
 Food enters the animal through the food groove. That
leads to a tube called a gullet. This forms a ball that
passes into the protoplasm and becomes a food
vacuole.
What are Microorganisms?

Paramecium
 The
food is digested as the vacuole passes through the
animal. The waste is passed out from a place called the
anal pore.
What are Microorganisms?

Euglena
a
microscopic (very small) organism that is classified as
a plant and animal.
 They live in fresh water and are especially common in
warm seasons when they may form a green scum on
the surfaces(top) of ponds and ditches
Most species are green because they contain chlorophyll,
the green colored material found in plants. If conditions are
right, it can make its own food.
 Like plants, the euglena gets energy from sunlight.

What are Microorganisms?

Euglena
 Like
many simple animals, it uses a flagella to move . A
flagella is a whip-like appendage that sticks out from
the body.

It takes in food, much like the paramecium.
What are Microorganisms?

Multi-celled Organisms
 Can
be seen
 Made up of more than one cell
 Each cell has a job or function
 Nerve
Cells
 Blood cells
 More
complex than single-celled organisms
What are Microorganisms?

Harmful Microorganisms
 Can
make you sick
 Eating
uncooked food
 Staph causes pimples and serious infections
 Strep throat is caused by a bacteria
 Virus
 Cause
disease
 Use a living cell to grow and reproduce
What are Microorganisms?

Harmful Microorganisms

Fungi
Like plants and can’t move
 Cannot make their own food for they feed off other organisms
 Kill plants and animals



Cause
 Ringworm
 Athlete’s foot
Types



Mold
Mushrooms
Algae
Mushrooms
What are Microorganisms?

Viruses
 Smaller
than bacteria
 Scientists do not consider them to be living, must live off
another cell to grow and reproduce
 Cause
 Colds
 Flu
 Chicken
Pox
What are Microorganisms?

Algae
 Red
tide
 Poison
fish
 Make people sick
What are Microorganisms?

Helpful Microorganisms
 Algae
provides oxygen
 Algae and Plankton are food for fish
 Help plants grow
 Bacteria helps to make yogurt and cheese
 Yeast (fungi) helps make bread
 E. coli (bacteria) helps digest our food
What are Microorganisms?
Helpful Microorganisms
 Penicillin, a medicine, is made from a mold
 Streptomycin, a medicine, is made from bacteria and
help heal sore throats
 Help remove waste from our water
 Help clean up oil spills
 Decomposers
 Algae are producers for oceans and lakes
What are Microorganisms?

Living with Microorganisms
 Wash
your hands often
 Cooking food carefully
 Medicines
 Antibiotics
 Eat
Yogurt
(cure diseases caused by bacteria)