Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Kingdom Plantae Anatomy and Adaptations Why are plants important? Primary source of food for people and animals Produce oxygen Help to keep us cool Renew the air Slow wind speed Provide a home for wildlife Beautify surroundings Furnish building materials Fuel Hierarchy of Life Cells Tissues Organism Organs Organ Systems Plant Cell Review Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Helps synthesize proteins and lipids Brain of the cell Contains genetic info DNA! Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Storage In plants can take up to 90% of the entire cell Mitochondria Packages and delivers proteins Energy Cellular Respiration ATP Cell Wall Chloroplast Support and structure Composed of cellulose Cell Membrane Gateway to the cell Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Contains Chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis Hmmmm Question Why do you suppose plants have larger vacuoles than animal cells? 3 Main Organs in Plants 1 Roots 2 Stems 3 Leaves Roots Characteristics Usually underground Anchor plant and hold upright Absorb water and minerals from soil and conduct to stem Store food Roots Root Structure External •Root Cap •Provides continuous supply of new cells •Protects roots as they push through soil •Roots hairs • absorb water and minerals Internal •Similar to Stem •Vascular Tissue • xylem & phloem Banana Root Tip Tissue that generates new cells by mitosis Root Cap Meristamitic Tissue How does a plant take up water? Read the following passage. Main Idea Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Most vascular plants live on land and obtain water from the soil through their roots by osmosis. Water present in surrounding soil particles may move into root hairs by osmosis. The millions of tiny root hairs together have a very large surface area for absorbing water into the roots epidermal cells. This results in a greater concentration of water molecules in the outer epidermal cells of the root than in the cortex. Thus, water moves by osmosis from epidermal cells into the cortex. From there, movement of water continues across the many cell layers of a root until the water finally enters the xylem. Flow Chart for Water transport Using the reading passages, create a flow map starting with water and ending with xylem. Water and Minerals If this flow chart was to continue, predict where the water would go next? Xylem Continue Reading Vascular plants also obtain minerals and nutrients from the soil through their roots. Mineral ions enter roots by diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport. Some minerals are used in the root or are simply stored there. Other minerals enter the xylem. The xylem of roots extends into the stem and to the leaves. Water and dissolved ions are transported upward through this pipeline. Main Idea Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Water Uptake The continuous uptake of water creates a pressure as osmosis draws water from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. This is referred to as root pressure. This is why aqua globes work! WOW! H20 Hmmm Question Why are root hairs an adaptation for plants? Example of Roots Tap Root Fibrous Root Stems Characteristics Contains tubes to transport material through the plant. Vascular tissue – xylem and phloem Stores nutrients for later use Holds leaves and flowers in the best position to gather sunlight and for reproduction Stems 2 Main types of stems Herbaceous – contain little or no woody tissues and typically die each year and grow back. Woody Stems - xylem that has died and hardened Example tree trunks Question Does this cactus have a woody or herbaceous stem? Giant saguaro Carnegiea gigantea in northern Sonora, Mexico. The weight of this large cactus is largely due to water storage tissue in the stems. A dead saguaro showing the woody (lignified) vascular strands that provide support for the massive stems. Stem Adaptations Tendrils Runner Leaf Characteristics Capture the sun’s energy Site of photosynthesis (although some stems also conduct photosynthesis) Gas Exchange Take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen Release excess water as a vapor called transpiration Smallest grow near the top and largest grow near the ground. Photosynthesis Your Text here Your Text here Your Text here Your Text here Photosynthesis Knowledge Your Text here Your Text here Photosynthesis Which organelle does photosynthesis take place in? Chloroplast Transpiration How does the water in the ground get to the tip toppity tip of a tree? Water loss by evaporation in leaves. Remember the Water Cycle… Transpiration Properties of water help transpiration. Cohesion and Adhesion Polarity Hey… What’s that Bubble thing called in a graduated cylinder? Capillary action! O.. A meniscus Leaves a Closer Look Find the stomata And Guard Cells Guard Cells- specialized cells on the underside of the leaf that control gas exchange. Epidermis •skin of the leaf •single layer of cells •protects leaf from loss of too much moisture Stomata – allows the leave to breath and transpire. Also give off moisture. Adaptations in Leaves Succulents Fly Trap Needles Water Lilly Spines What do plants need to survive? Sun Light Water & Minerals Gas exchange Movement of water and nutrients