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Cells A Characteristic of All Living Things Living Non-Living Family: flickr.com/photos/afroswede/327940628 ; Other images provided by Science: A Closer Look (Maryland), pages 28 and 30 (MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 2008) 1 Generally Accepted Characteristics of All Living Things They reproduce (parents and offspring) They grow and develop (life cycles) They obtain and use energy (eat or make their own food) They respond to their environment (move) AND Are made of one or more units called … CELLS 2 Cells of Multicellular Organisms Animal Cells Plant Cells Images provided by Science: A Closer Look (Maryland), pages 28 and 30 (MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 2008) 3 Cells All living things are made of cells. Multicellular organisms are made of different types of cells. Different types of cells look different and do different things. Specialized cells group together to form a tissue and to perform a specific function (i.e., potato cells form potatoes and muscle cells form muscles) 4 Levels of Organization Cells: The basic building block. Tissues: Cells that work together to perform a function. Organs: Tissues that work together to perform a function. Organ System: Organs that work together to perform a function. Images provided by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Illu_muscle_tissues.jpg and Science: A Closer Look (Maryland), Toolkit CD and page 30 (MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 2008) 5 Plant Cells Plant cells have a cell membrane and a more regular shape due to a stiff cell wall. They have chloroplasts with chlorophyll to help plants make their own food. Chloroplasts with chlorophyll Membrane Wall Images provided by Science: A Closer Look (Maryland), Toolkit CD 6 and page 30 (MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 2008) Plant Cell Example Pine Needle Cells http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/ Pinus_pinea.jpg Cross Section of Pine Cells Copyright CNAP, University of York; http://www.epobio.net/photos/cross_sec_pine.jpg 7 Plant Cell Example Potato Cells http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia /commons/c/c8/Potato_and_cross_s ection.jpg http://www.uleth.ca/bio/bio1010/bio1010.htm 8 Plant Cell Example Onion Cells http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/1/1b/Onions.jpg http://www.uleth.ca/bio/bio1010/bio1010.htm 9 Plant Cell Example Elodea Cells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elodea_canad ensis2_ies.jpg http://www.uleth.ca/bio/bio1010/bio1010.htm 10 Animal Cells The cells of humans and other animals have a cell membrane, but they do not have a stiff cell wall. They cannot make their own food and do not have chloroplasts. However, there is a greater variety to their shapes. Images provided by Science: A Closer Look (Maryland), Toolkit CD and page 28 (MacMillan/McGraw-Hill, 2008) 11 Animal Cell Example Blood Cells Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell Red Blood Cells Platelet http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Red_White_Blood_cells.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common s/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg 12 Muscle cells must stretch and grow. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Weightlifting.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia /commons/7/74/Heart.jpg 13 Nerve cells send signals to the brain from the body. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/ Nervous_system_diagram.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki: Smi32neuron http//:brainmaps.org 14 Skin (Epithelial) Cell cover the body in a thin layer. They regenerate quickly. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Chica_cachetona.jpg http://sac.edu/HomePages/nigro_dan/Cheek_cell.jpg 15 Brain Cells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Brain_ 090407.jpg http://www.nih.gov/ 16 Animal or Plant Cell? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chloroplasten.jpg Plant Cell: Elodea 17 Animal or Plant Cell? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GFPneuron.png Animal Cell: Nerve 18 Animal or Plant Cell? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Spirogyra.JPG Plant Cell: Spirogyra 19 Animal or Plant Cell? Permission granted by Rhodes EMU at http://www2.ru.ac.za/administrative/emu/gr10p7.htm Animal Cell: Muscle 20 Animal or Plant Cell? Hedges, Kathryn. http://pics.tech4learning.com Plant Cell: Potato 21 Animal or Plant Cell? Hedges, Kathryn. <http://pics.tech4learning.com> Plant Cell: Onion 22 Animal or Plant Cell? http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/epithelial1.html Animal Cell: Kidney 23 Cell Review All living things are made of cells. Multicellular organisms are made of different types of cells. Different types of cells look different and do different things. Specialized cells group together to form a tissue and to perform a specific function (i.e., potato cells form potatoes and muscle cells form muscles) 24