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Regents Biology 2006-2007 Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air Regents Biology 2006-2007 Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY animals are consumers plants are producers Regents Biology How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun to make ATP energy to make sugars glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars Regents Biology Building plants from sunlight & air Photosynthesis 2 separate processes sun ENERGY building reactions collect sun energy use it to make ATP ATP SUGAR building reactions take the ATP energy collect CO2 from air & H2O from ground use all to build sugars carbon dioxide water + HO CO Regents Biology 2 2 H2O + CO2 sugars C6H12O6 sugars Using light & air to grow plants Photosynthesis using sun’s energy to make ATP using CO2 & water to make sugar in chloroplasts allows plants to grow makes a waste product oxygen (O2) (ATP) = used to build the sugar carbon sun + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy Regents Biology What do plants need to grow? The “factory” for making energy & sugars sun chloroplast Fuels CO2 sunlight carbon dioxide water Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! The Helpers enzymes Regents Biology H2O ATP enzymes sugars Photosynthesis sun ENERGY building reactions ATP ADP SUGAR building reactions H2O Regents Biology CO2 used immediately to synthesize sugars sugar Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells Regents Biology Chloroplasts Leaf absorb sunlight & CO2 Leaves sun CO2 Chloroplasts in cell Chloroplast Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll Regents Biology Chloroplast make ENERGY & SUGAR So what does a plant need? Bring In light CO2 H2O leaves Let Out shoot O2 Move Around sugars roots 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 Regents Biology energy Leaf Structure cuticle epidermis vascular bundle (vein) xylem (water) phloem (sugar) palisades layer spongy layer epidermis cuticle Regents Biology stomate guard cells xylem (water) Transpiration O2 H O 2 CO2 in O2 out water out so itBiology gets Regents CO2 stomate O2 H2O to leaves from roots CO2 guard cells Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves pulls water up from roots water molecules stick to each other more water is pulled up tree from ground Regents Biology Function of Leaf Structures Cuticle waxy coating reduces water loss Epidermis skin protecting leaf tissues Palisades layer high concentration of chloroplasts collecting sun’s energy photosynthesis making ATP & sugars Spongy layer air spaces gas exchange CO2 in for sugar production, remove waste O2 Regents Biology Stomates & Guard Cells Function of stomates CO2 in O2 out H2O out gets to leaves for photosynthesis Function of guard cells open & close stomates guard cell stomate Regents Biology Guard cells & Homeostasis Homeostasis keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced Stomates open let CO2 in needed to make sugar let H2O out so it gets to leaves let O2 out get rid of waste product Stomates close if too much H2O evaporating Regents Biology Xylem carry water up from roots Regents Biology Phloem: food-conducting cells Regents Biology carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots How are they connected? Respiration glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Photosynthesis carbon sun + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy Regents Biology Energy cycle sun Photosynthesis plants CO2 glucose H2O sugars animals, plants Cellular Respiration The Great Circle of Life! Regents Biology Mufasa? ATP O2 Another view… capture light energy sun Photosynthesis synthesis producers, autotrophs CO2 waste organic O2 molecules waste H2O waste food consumers, heterotrophs digestion Cellular Respiration Regents Biology release chemical energy ATP The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material air Regents Biology Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun Got the energy… Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2006-2007 Ghosts of Lectures Past (storage) Regents Biology 2006-2007 Putting it all together Making a living… sunlight leaves = solar collectors photosynthesis gases: CO2 in & O2 out stomates = gases in & out H2O roots take in water from soil pulled up by leaf evaporation nutrients roots take in from soil Regents Biology
