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STAAR Chemistry Review Topic: Matter and its properties TEKS – The student knows the characteristics of matter and can analyze the relationships between chemical and physical changes and properties. Student Expectation (4A) • --differentiate between physical and chemical changes and properties. Index Card Time • • • • Title: Changes Front: Physical Changes Back: Change in size, shape or state. Examples: Physical Properties • Malleable : • Ability to be hammered into thin sheets • Ductile: • Ability to be drawn into a wire • Luster: • Ability to reflect the light Index Card Time • • • • • • • Title: Matter Changes Front: Chemical Changes Back: New substance forms. Color change. Temperature change (endo/exo). Gas forms. Precipitate (solid) forms. 5 Signs of a Chemical Reaction • • There are five indicators that a chemical reaction has taken place. They are… 1. 2. 3. 4. Color change Temp. change Gas. Appearance of a precipitate (solid) 5. Light. Physical or Chemical properties? 1. rusting iron Answer: Chemical 2. dissolving in water Answer: Physical 3. burning a log Answer: Chemical 4. melting ice Answer: Physical 5. grinding spices Answer: Physical Physical or Chemical Changes All phases changes are physical Precipitant Student Expectation (4C) • Compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility, structure, shape and volume. Index Card Time • Title: States of Matter and Properties • Back: Make a chart which includes solid, liquid and gas and the properties of shape, volume, compressibility and a diagram. Shape Solid Liquid Gas Volume Compressibility (high or low) Sketch a diagram Compressibility and the spacing of particles. Particle vibrate in fixed position Particles slide past one another Constant random motion spaced far apart. What happens to the gas particles in a balloon when it is compressed? Student Expectation (4B) • --- identify extensive and intensive properties. Index Card Time • Title: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties • Front: INTENSIVE IS SO INTENSE THAT THE AMOUNT OF MATTER DOESN’T MATTER!!!!! • Back: Examples of each Intensive or Extensive? 1. Boiling point Answer: Intensive 2. Melting point Answer: Intensive 3. Color Answer: Intensive 4. Odor Answer: Intensive 5. Mass Answer: Extensive Student Expectation (4D) • Classify matter as pure substances or mixtures through investigation of their properties. Index Card Time • Title: Substances and Mixtures • Back: Make the flow chart for classifying matter. Include examples for • each category. Flow chart Element Pure and made up of only itself!!!! Pure Compounds: Combining two or more elements together. Chemically combined. The same no matter where you find the compound. Pure!!!! Mixtures Can be separated physically, not chemically combined. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Made of several different types of atoms and element. Solution Homogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture Salt Water solution Homogeneous Learning Check Identify if the following are 1) Homogeneous or 2) Heterogenous 1. __air 2. __ink 3. __ soft drink 4. __ salad dressing 5. __coffee (black) 6. __Chicken noodle soup Learning Check Identify if the following are 1) Homogeneous or 2) Heterogenous 1. 1 air 2. 1 ink 3. 1soft drink 4. 2 salad dressing 5. 1 coffee 6. 2 Chicken noodle soup More Review Pure Water Pure Water ? 1. 2. 3. 4. Homogeneous Heterogeneous Compound Element Chocolate Ice Cream Chocolate Ice Cream – Hetero or Homo? 1. Neither, but it sure is good. 2. Heterogeneous 3. Homogeneous 4. Both Vegetable Soup Vegetable Soup: Hetero or Homo 1. Homogeneous 2. Neither, I don’t like soup. 3. Heterogeneous 4. Both Tomato Soup Tomato Soup: Hetero or Homo 1. Heterogeneous 2. Neither, still don’t like soup. 3. Homogeneous 4. Both Salt (NaCl) Table Salt: Element, Mixture, or Compound? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Element Mixture Compound None of the above All of the above Banana Split Banana Split: Hetero or Homo? 1. Homogeneous 2. Neither, too fattening. 3. Heterogeneous 4. Depends where you buy it. Pure Gold Pure Gold: Element, Mixture, or Compound? 1. 2. 3. 4. Element Mixture Compound All of the above Mass is the measure of the amount of ____ in an object 1. 2. 3. 4. Volume Matter Gravity weight A compound is a substance that is made from the atoms of 1. Only one element 2. Two elements only 3. Two or more elements Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present such as 1. Volume 2. Mass 3. Amount of energy in a substance 4. All of the above. Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present such as 1. Melting point and boiling point only 2. Volume 3. Density 4. Ability to conduct electricity 5. All but #2 Physical property can be observed such as 1. 2. 3. 4. Density Odor Flammability rusting A substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance is called 1. Chemical change 2. Physical change Phase changes are an example of 1. Physical change 2. Chemical change This state of matter has definite volume and definite shape. 1. 2. 3. 4. Liquid Gas Solid plasma This state of matter has the most energy. 1. 2. 3. 4. Liquid Gas Solid plasma This state of matter has definite volume but no definite shape. 1. 2. 3. 4. Liquid Gas Solid plasma How many different states can matter exist? 1. 2. 3. 4. 3 4 50 Sometime but rarely 5 This state of matter is found on the stars and in fluorescent light bulbs. 1. 2. 3. 4. Liquid Gas Solid plasma A mixture can be separated 1. Chemically 2. physically Mixtures that are uniform in composition are 1. Heterogeneous 2. homogeneous An example of an homogeneous mixture is 1. Chicken noodle soup 2. Lemonade 3. Salt water solution 4. Both #2 & #3 Granite is an example of what type of mixture? 1. Heterogeneous 2. homogeneous An example of a pure substance is 1. 2. 3. 4. A salad Gold Blood Stainless steel