Survey
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THE ORGANIZATION OF CELLS 1. CELLS: BASIC UNIT OF ALL LIFE 2. TISSUES: GROUPS OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER • MUSCLE TISSUE: ALLOWS MOTION, CAN ONLY CONTRACT • CONNECTIVE TISSUE: SUPPORTS AND BINDS BODY PARTS (BONES, TENDONS) • EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERS THE ORGANS AND BODY (SKIN) • NERVE TISSUE: ALLOWS COMMUNICATION, THOUGHT PROCESSES 3. ORGANS: DIFFERENT TISSUES COMBINE TO PERFORM ONE FUNCTION HEART PUMPS BLOOD • • MADE OF BLOOD, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, NERVE, EPITHELIAL TISSUES • HARDEST WORKING MUSCLE IN THE BODY SKIN MADE OF ALL 4 MAJOR TISSUES • COVERS AND PROTECTS BODY • CONTROLS TEMPERATURE AND SENSES TOUCH 4. ORGAN SYSTEMS: DIFFERENT BUT RELATED ORGANS THAT PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTION ex.: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: INCLUDES HEART, BLOOD AND BLOOD VESSELS Ex.: SKELETAL SYSTEM: CONSISTS OF BONES, LIGAMENTS 5. ORGANISMS: A LIVING THING MADE OF ORGANS SYSTEMS NERVE TISSUE: CONDUCTS INFORMATION USING IMPULSES 1. ALLOWS THE SENSING OF SURROUNDINGS 2. ALLOWS REACTION TO SURROUNDINGS 3. ALLOWS THOUGHT NERVOUS SYSTEM: COMPRISED OF BRAIN, SPINE AND NERVES 1. CHAINS OF NERVE CELLS FORM LONG NERVES COMMUNICATE INFORMATION NERVES CONDUCT MESSAGES (IMPULSES) MADE OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS 2. SPINAL CORD: ROPE-LIKE BUNDLE OF NERVES ALONG THE BACK CONNECTS ALMOST ALL PARTS OF THE BODY TO THE BRAIN BONY SPINAL COLUMN PROTECTS DELICATE NERVES 3. BRAIN: TRILLIONS OF NERVE CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER RECEIVES AND INTERPRETS INFORMATION FROM SENSES DECIDES ON RESPONSES TO SENSORY INFORMATION SENDS RESPONSES TO THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM, etc. THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 1. EYE: THE ORGAN OF SIGHT PUPIL: DARK OPENING OF THE EYE IRIS: COLORS PORTION, OPENS AND CLOSES TO ADJUST LIGHT ENTERING EYE LENS: CHANGES SHAPE TO FOCUS (TINY MUSCLES THINS OR THICKEN LENS) RETINA: LIGHT SENSITIVE REDDISH LINING OF EYE HAS COLOR SENSING CONE-SHAPED CELLS DIRECTLY BEHIND PUPIL BLACK-WHITE SENSING ROD-SHAPED CELLS AROUND CONES OPTIC NERVE SENDS INFORMATION TO BRAIN SOME PEOPLE LACK CONES FOR RED, SELDOM LACK GREEN OR BLUE CONES 2. EAR: THE ORGAN OF HEARING OUTER EAR: CAPTURES AND FUNNELS SOUND WAVES INTO EAR EAR CANAL: TUBE THAT LEADS TO EARDRUM EARDRUM: VERY THIN MEMBRANE THAT VIBRATES WHEN STRUCK BY SOUNDS MIDDLE EAR BONES (HAMMER, ANVIL, STIRRUP) AMPLIFY VIBRATIONS INNER EAR(COCHLEA): SNAIL-SHAPED, FLUID-FILLED STRUCTURE CONTAINS 1,000s OF TINY NERVE ENDINGS (ONE PER TONE HEARD) SENDS INFORMATION THROUGH AUDITORY NERVE TO BRAIN THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 3. NOSE: HAS OLFACTORY BULB THAT SENSES SMELLS • SMELLS ARE THE MOLECULES (CHEMICALS) GIVEN OFF BY MANY SUBSTANCES • OLFACTORY NERVE SENDS INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN • SMELL IS THE MOST VARIABLE SENSE FROM PERSON TO PERSON 4. TONGUE: THE ORGAN OF TASTE • TASTE BUDS: IN GROUPS OR “PITS” FOUND ON THE TONGUE • EACH GROUP SENSES A PARTICULAR TYPE OF CHEMICAL • 4 PRIMARY TYPES OF TASTES: SWEET, SOUR, BITTER, SALTY plus MEATY THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 5. SKIN: SENSE OF TOUCH- ALSO PROTECTS, REMOVES WASTES, HEAT PART OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES HAIR AND FINGERNAILS EPIDERMIS: OUTER, PROTECTIVE LAYERS OF DEAD SKIN CELLS DERMIS: LIVING LAYERS OF SKIN DERMIS: LIVING LAYERS OF SKIN OIL GLANDS: MAKES OIL THAT LUBRICATES THE SKIN HAIR FOLLICLES: GROW HAIR SWEAT GLAND: PRODUCES SWEAT THAT EVAPORATES TO COOL BODY HAIR MUSCLE: PULLS ON HAIR, CLOSES HAIR PORE (GOOSE BUMP) FAT: INSULATES THE BODY (KEEPS HEAT IN) SEVERAL TYPES OF SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS (PAIN, TOUCH, HEAT, COLD, PRESSURE AND VIBRATION) TINY BLOOD VESSELS (CAPILLARIES) SUPPLY BLOOD