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The ear and causes of hearing loss Learning objectives • to describe how the ear works • to identify the different types of hearing loss • To explain common causes of hearing loss • Relevant for: Assignment 1a (deadline 30th Nov 14) City Lit The ear What is sound? A vibrating source causes particles of air to vibrate in a wave form The sound wave varies in: - frequency (pitch) - amplitude/intensity (loudness) City Lit Sound waves frequency (pitch) amplitude (loudness) City Lit City Lit Outer, middle and inner ear City Lit Hair cells in the cochlea City Lit Damaged hair cells City Lit Hearing sound through air http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stiPMLtjYAw City Lit Hearing sound through the skull City Lit Types of hearing loss Conductive Sensori-neural Mixed Central processing Non organic City Lit Conductive hearing loss The journey of the sound waves from the outer ear to the cochlea is impeded or obstructed Can affect either the outer and/or the middle ear City Lit Types of hearing loss City Lit Sensori-neural hearing loss Results from damage to the cochlea and/or the auditory nerve Affects the inner ear Can affect how well a person discriminates and understands speech sounds City Lit Damaged hair cells City Lit Sensori-neural hearing loss City Lit In groups/pairs: How many different causes of hearing loss can you think of? City Lit Some causes of conductive hearing loss Wax or foreign bodies Malformation or damage to outer or middle ear Scarred or perforated eardrum Eustachian Tube dysfunction Otosclerosis Atresia Trauma Otitis Externa and Otitis Media Cholesteatoma City Lit Some causes of sensori-neural hearing loss Anoxia Noise induced (NIHL) Prematurity Viral Mumps, Measles, Rubella Ménière’s disease Meningitis Acoustic neuroma Vascular Brain tumour Trauma Neurofibromatosis (NF2) Ototoxic drugs Presbyacusis (age –related ARHL) Genetic City Lit Causes of hearing loss Syndromes e.g. Ushers, Downs, Treacher Collins, Alports Central processing disorders e.g. auditory processing disorder (APD) other cognitive difficulties Non-organic hearing loss e.g. malingering =deliberately faking a hearing loss psychogenic = arising from psychological factors City Lit Explain to your partner 1. How do we hear (with normal hearing)? 2. What is a conductive hearing loss? What is a sensorineural loss? 3. Why will someone with a sensori-neural hearing loss probably have difficulty distinguishing speech? 4. Draw lines on the diagram to separate the three parts of the ear City Lit Useful sources Action on Hearing Loss www.actiononhearingloss.org.uk Hearing Link City Lit Document Title http://hearinglink.org/