Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Oceans/Marine Biology By Ms. Avery 8th grade Science What do humans need to survive? (answer on paper) What is necessary for humans to live? Where do humans get the things they need to survive? What sort of impact do you think would happen if any one thing needed for survival was no longer available? More than one? How are nutrients and minerals used by the human body? What does the Ocean need to survive? (answer on paper) What are some things that live in the ocean? What do these life forms need to survive? What would happen if these nutrients or minerals were not available? What is the connection between humans and living things in the ocean? Oceanic Animal categories (write on paper) Plankton: small organisms Nekton: free swimming Ex. Dolphins, seals, sharks, fish Benthos: attached or near to ocean floor Ex.: Coral, starfish, seaurchins Ocean Life Zones (write on paper) Intertidal: (Benthos and some nekton): Coastline (beach) ex. Crabs, small fish Neritic Zone (Nekton and some Benthos): Coral Reefs, Kelp Forests, Salt marshes, Estuaries ex. Coral, starfish, clown fish Oceanic: Open Ocean (Nekton) ex. Sharks and whales Deep Sea: 1000m and below ex. Giant octopus, giant squid, angler fish Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species On paper write at least 2 facts from each of the next 4 slides (classes, plankton/benthos, fish and sharks/rays, and marine mammals) Ocean Animal Classes Osteichthyes-bony fish Chondrichthyes- sharks and rays Mammals—whales, seals, dolphins, walrus, otters, polar bears, sea lions Birds- penguins, sea gulls, etc. Reptilia- sea snakes, sea turtles Cnidaria-jellyfish, sea anemones Molluska-whelk, clam, squid, octupus Phylum Arthropodahorse shoe crabs, blue crabs Protista- dinoflagellates, diatoms Echinodermata-sea urchins, sand dollars star fish Plankton and Benthos Animals Plankton Benthos Autotrophsmake own food Heterotrophs -eat food Phytoplankton”plantae” and some plant-like protists Zooplankton“Animalia” Some are babies And develop into Bigger animals. Others spend whole Life as plankton Attached or near ocean floor Includes: Cnidaria (coral, sea anemones), Molluska (whelk, squid, clam, oyster), Arthropoda (horseshoe crab, blue crab) Plankton and Benthos Fish and Sharks/Rays Osteichthyes (bony fish) Free swimming-nekton Ex. Flounder, clownfish, rainbowfish, seahorse Heterotrophs-eat Chondrichthyes (cartilage) Free swimming-nekton Ex. Sharks and rays Heterotrophs-eat Made entirely of cartilage Fish, Sharks, and Rays Marine Mammals 2. 3. Free swimming/land dwelling-nekton Heterotrophs-eat Give live birth, mammary glands, hair or fur, breathe Oxygen (use blow hole if live life in water Orders: 1. Carnivora (polar bears, sea otters, seals, sea lions, and walruses) Sirenia (manatee, dugong) Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises) Marine Mammals Ocean Environments/Habitats On paper write at least 2 facts about each type of environment Rocky Shoreline vs. Beach shoreline Rocky Shoreline: Intertidal zone Mainly benthos but some nekton Changes in salinity, temperature, and water levels Hard substrate to be attached to Rough wave action Beach Shoreline: Intertidal zone Almost all benthos, few nekton Some land/air creatures (ex. Ghost crabs, sea gulls) Changes in salinity, temperature, and water levels Soft substrate (can’t really attach) Usually light wave action Floating Docks Some benthos and nekton Intertidal Changes in salinity, temperature, and water levels Hard substrate to attach to Wave action from boats Salt Marshes and Estuaries Salt Marsh Neritic zone Higher salinity levels Along coast Changes in water levels and temperatures Nurseries for baby fish High levels of nutrients Estuary Ex. Bays Neritic zone Mixture of fresh and salt water Along coast Changes in water levels and temperature Nurseries for baby fish High levels of nutrients Coral Reef and Kelp Forest Coral Reef Hot Neritic Nekton and benthos Coral (tiny animals) deposit limestone which forms reef—also add to it when they die—animals and plants grow and live on the reef Delicate balance, diverse life forms Kelp Forest Cold Kelp is a protist Clear, semi-shallow water Can get up to 40 m deep Animals that live here are nekton and benthos neritic Nutrient rich Coral Reef and Kelp Forest Arctic/Polar Cold High salinity in water because of glaciers Melting/freezing habitat Nutrient rich waters Mainly nekton (not much for benthos animals to attach to) Intertidal/Neritic Open Ocean Cool Nekton Mainly fish No shelter Many large predators Deep Sea High pressure Dark Cold Lots of nutrients from dead organisms that sink from surface Nutrients from hydrothermal vents (hot here) Low dissolved oxygen Nekton with a few benthos around vents ***Hydrothermal Vents: Depend on chemosynthetic bacteria (not plankton) -Hot -High Pressure -Deep Aquatic vs. Terrestrial Food Webs Includes water and land animals Fresh and salt water Ex. Plankton---little fish---seal---polar bear Write your own example How would water pollution effect the food chain? Aquatic vs. Terrestrial Food Webs Includes water and land animals Can be Fresh and/or Salt water Ex. Plankton---little fish---seal---polar bear Write your own example (both land and water)-on your paper How would water pollution effect the food chain you created? Chemicals and Minerals Dissolved Gases Molecule GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE and the amounts of them dissolved in ocean water: *Note: This includes all four forms of CO2 Percent in Equilibrium atmospher concentratio n e in seawater (mg/kg) N2 78% 12.5 O2 21% 7 Ar 1% 0.4 CO2 0.03% 90*