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TRIMESTER 1 REVIEW:
Cause and Effect
Discovery of
America (Pre-1400s)
CAUSE
Asians that crossed the land bridge (Bering Strait)
during the Ice Age
Vikings
Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci (Proved that we were in fact a
separate continent)
EFFECT
Jump stated a global competition between European
countries to claim land in the Americas (Spain, France
and England dominated control in N. America)
Roanoke (1580s)
CAUSE
Theory of Mercantilism
It does no good to simply control land—you need
colonists living there to work the land and send the raw
materials back to the mother country
Sir Walter Raleigh received a charter from Queen
Elizabeth to settle
EFFECT
Deterred many from wanting to settle in N. America
after the colonists vanished. Maybe settlement of this
new land would be unsuccessful.
Jamestown (Early
1600s)
CAUSE
The Virginia Company decided to try again and settle
the new world in hopes of finding “riches”
EFFECT
Eventual economic success with tobacco (Columbian
Exchange)
John Smith, John Rolfe and Pocahontas emerge as
leaders
House of Burgesses (the beginning of selfgovernment in America)
Mayflower (1620)
CAUSE
Pilgrims escaping religious persecution were fleeing
to join other colonists in Virginia. They blew off course
and landed at Plymouth (Massachusetts)
EFFECT
Due to the pilgrims landing outside of Jamestown’s
jurisdiction, they wrote the Mayflower Compact, which
created laws in their society based on majority rule
Thanksgiving (Pokanoket Indians)
Emerged into the Massachusetts colony
From their success and Jamestown, the other 11
colonies formed
French and Indian
War (1754-1763)
CAUSE
France and Britain competing for land in the OH River
Valley. George Washington sent in to ask the French to
leave, shots rang out and war began
EFFECT
British victory
New taxes placed on the colonists to help pay for the
war debt
Proclamation of 1763 (Prevented colonists from
moving past the Appalachian Mountains)
Increased presence of redcoats in the colonies
“Join or Die” cartoon
Boston Massacre
(1770)
CAUSE
Tensions escalating between the British redcoats and
the colonists
Numerous taxes passed on the colonists
No Taxation without Representation
EFFECT
5 men killed
Propaganda spreads by Paul Revere and Sam Adams
(Committee of Correspondence)
Trial is led by John Adams
Britain repeals all the taxes except the tax on tea
Boston Tea Party
(1773)
CAUSE
The Tea Act, which granted the British East India
Company a monopoly on the tea business (intent was to
reduced smuggling and drive the colonial tea merchants
out of business)
EFFECT
Coercive/Intolerable Acts
Boston put under military rule, town meetings ended,
stronger quartering act, Boston harbor closed
Colonies rally around Massachusetts and send in
supplies
Meeting of the First Continental Congress (“I am not a
Virginian, I am an America”)
Declaration of
Independence (1776)
CAUSE
King George III rejecting Olive Branch Petition
Increased Patriot fervor thanks to T-Paine’s Common
Sense
John Locke’s ideas about natural rights and the role of
government
EFFECT
Led to increased patriotism
Gave the men something to fight for (motivation)
These men were literally risking their lives (could have
been executed for treason)
American
Revolution (1770s)
CAUSE
Now that the DOI was signed, they still had to win the
revolution
No Taxation without Representation
Grievances ignored by King George III
EFFECT
American victory (with help of France and Spain)
Received new territory to the Mississippi River
Recognized as an independent nation
Inspired other countries to want independence (or
overthrow an unjust government)
A of C (1780s)
CAUSE
Now that Americans were free from a monarch, they
needed to create a government that could effectively rule
the people (with input from the people)
Created a weak govt on purpose with only one branch
Power given to the states
EFFECT
Ineffective govt with no power to tax or settle disputes
States were acting like 13 separate countries
Could not conduct foreign affairs or take care of threats
from outside countries
Did create a system for entering new states (NW
Ordinance)
Shays’ Rebellion
(1787)
CAUSE
Division between Eastern and Western Massachusetts
Farmers being thrown into debtors prison if they
could not pay taxes
EFFECT
Shays and his men did have some success
Proved how weak the federal government was in that
they had no power to stop the rebellion
Inspired Madison and Hamilton to call for a change
Brought George Washington out of retirement
Constitutional
Convention (1787)
CAUSE
Shays’ Rebellion and the apparent weaknesses of the
A of C
EFFECT
Created the U.S. Constitution (still used today)
A stronger federal government was formed
Anti-Feds persuaded Madison and the Federalists to
incorporate a BOR
Three Branches
CAUSE
Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers and that
not one group or person should hold all the power
EFFECT
Legislative Branch (Makes the laws)
Executive Branch (Enforces the laws)
Judicial Branch (Interprets/Reviews the laws)
Checks and Balances
Bill of Rights
CAUSE
Anti-Feds did not trust that the government would
protect the rights of the people
Influences from Magna Carta, John Locke, English
BOR, state BORs, colonial experiences
EFFECT
First 10 amendments added to protect individual
rights
Allows the people to be protected from corruption or
unfair rulers
Provided a system for additional amendments to be
added to the Constitution