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“THE HAPPINESS ADVANTAGE” DAY 14: 3 things you are grateful for in the present. 5 minute Repeat after me: “I will DOMINATE that test! Last time in World History…. Postwar Uncertainty A Scientific Revolution Albert Einstein “Theory of Relativity” - 1905, theory turns science and society upside down While the speed of light is constant, other things that seem constant (space & time) are not A Scientific Revolution Sigmund Freud Ideas and work was as revolutionary as Einstein Idea of our “unconscious mind” Analyzes dreams for the first time Changes in Lit. & Art Literature The horror of war made deep impression on many writers For Example: Franz Kafka: “The Trial” and “The Castle” James Joyce “Ulysses” Art Rebelled against the norm; wanted to show the inner emotions of objects Picasso and “cubism” Surrealism, inspired by Freud, movement linked dreams with reality Jazz emerged in the U.S. “Three Musicians” Picasso “Egg Born” Salvador Dali Changes in Society and Tech. The role allowed women to take new roles for the first time Women’s suffrage in U.S., Britain, Germany, Sweden & Austria Ditched restrictive hair and dress styles for more comfort The automobile transformed society and more people owned them, not just rich Airlines start to be used for leisure travel (Charles Lindberg) Radio broadcast begins in Pittsburgh, PA and sweeps the nation Film becomes popular and “Hollywood” is born …. Play Me: Charlie Chaplin A Worldwide Depression Postwar Europe Many European countries were nearly bankrupt Counties started to establish new democratic governments but governments were often inefficient Many willing to sacrifice a democratic government for a strong, authoritative leadership. Weimar Republic 1919 – Germany’s new democratic government Weak from the start Many Germans blames the Weimar Gov. for the humiliating of Treaty of Versailles. Inflation in Germany, U.S. helps Attempts at lasting peace between France and Germany and world, failed German children playing with…money! Financial Crisis In late 1920s, U.S. prosperous economy sustained world economy Uneven distribution of wealth, overproduction, consumers buying less 1929, stock market crashes (p. 473). Depression hits us all Within months, unemployment boomed and wages decreased Banks and business began to close, farmers lost land sentences By 1933, ¼ of American workers have NO JOB! Great Depression – a long business slump Fascism in Europe! Millions of people lost faith in democratic government. Why? Turned to extreme forms of government such as Fascism Fascists made several promises, for example: 1. Revive economy 2. Punish those responsible for hard times 3. Restore national pride Fascism’s Rise in Italy Def: Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to state and obedience to its leader Fascism’s Rise in Italy Characteristics 1. Nationalism Differences with Communism 2. Loyalty to authoritarian leader 1. Social classes exist in Fascist state 3. Wear uniforms 2. Fascists are nationalists and Communists are internationalists 4. Special salutes 5. Mass rallies 6. Deny individual rights 7. State is Supreme!! Mussolini Takes Control Italy’s Problems: 1. Treaty of Versailles 2. Inflation 3. Unemployment 4. Democratic government is ineffective Founded Fascist Party in 1919 As economy worsens, popularity increases Black Shirts – attack Communists Supported by middle class, aristocracy, and industrial leaders Oct. 1922, 30,000 fascist mark into Rome and rally for Musso. “Il Duce” How does Mussolini take control of Italy? 1. Abolish Democracy 2. Outlaw all political parties 3. Secret police 4. Censorship Rise of the Nazis National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis Overturn Treaty of Versailles Combat Communism Swastika Brown Shirts “der Fuhrer” 1923 Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf 1. Aryans “master race” 2. Vow to regain German lands 3. Against Treaty of Versailles 4. Lebensraum = “more space” Hitler Becomes Chancellor 1932, Nazis are biggest party on Germany Jan. 1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg names him Chancellor (p. 478) Germany becomes Totalitarian State SS created Gestapo Banned strikes, labor unions Hitler Becomes Chancellor President Hindenburg names Hitler chancellor Paul von Hindenburg Fire destroys Reichstag building and Communists are blamed Germany becomes Totalitarian State SS created Gestapo Banned strikes, labor unions State Standard 10.9.4 Fuhrer is Supreme Propaganda Censorship Book burning Hitler Youth League of German Girls Hitler Makes War on the Jews State Standard 10.9.4 Anti-Semitism November 9, 1938 the Night of Broken Glass or Kristallnacht