Download Chapter 16

Chapter 16
Part 1
Pages 528-535
Terms to Know
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Joseph Stalin
Totalitarianism
Benito Mussolini
Fascism
Adolf Hitler
Nazism
Francisco Franco
Neutrality Acts
Remember Post WWI
• American Disillusionment with the War
• 14 Points Missing I the Treaty of Versailles
• American isolationism in the 20’s and 30’s
• EXCEPT for war reparations and Finance
• The Dawes Plan
• The Young Plan
Disarmament Treaties
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The Washington Conference
4 Power Treaty
5 Power Treaty
9 Power Treatuy
• Kellogg-Briand Treaty
The Treaties
• No enforcement provision
• Japan…only verbal agreements
The League of Nations
• Again, no enforcement
• No U.S. or USSR membership
• Violations by Hitler, Mussolini, Japan
• No penalties
The Thirties
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff
• Moratorium on debt and reparation payments
• The German Weimar Republic was in trouble
• Threats from the left: Communists
• Threats from the Right: Nazis
In Europe
• Tough economic times caused some
democracies to fall
• Some countries experienced a heightened
nationalism and aggression
• Italy, Germany, Japan
• Russia promoted a world-wide revolution of
the workers
Totalitarianism
The complete subordination of the individual to
the state
• Italy: fascism Hyper nationalism and
aggression
• Germany: Hyper nationalism, aggression,
racism
• Japan: Hyper nationalism and aggression
(emperor and divine right)
• Russia: Communism
Communism v Fascism
• Communists LIKE democracy but NOT
Capitalism
• Fascists: DISLIKE democracy but have no
problem with capitalism if it serves the
interests of the state
Communists v Fascists
• Communists: war is bad EXCEPT when workers of
the world resort to violent revolution to take over
the means of production and distribution. Peace
is the goal. War to promote the workers of the
world. (NOT Nationalism)
• Fascists: Promote war. See peaceful nations as
weak. War to promote the nation at the expense
of others
Post War Germany
• The Weimer Republic and the Treaty of
Versailles
• War debt
• War reparations
• Article 231
• The DIKTAT
The Ruhr Valley Crisis
• Inflation
• The Dawes Plan
Russia
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Dropped out of WWI
Was not involved in peace process
Caused resentment
Russian Civil War
• USSR by 1923
• Lenin
• Stalin
Stalin
• Wanted to improve agricultural and industrial
production made great gains but at quite a
cost…millions perished (8-13 million)
• Collectives
• Quotas
• 5 Year Plans
Russia
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Police state
Religion
Pogroms
The Jews
The Poles
Italy
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Benito Mussolini by 1922
Il Duce
Fascism
Black Shirts…terror
• Aggressive Nationalism…all power in a single
leader…
• Blamed foreigners for Italy’s problems
Germany
• Nazism (a kind of fascism) Nationalism,
aggression and racism)
• Hitler blamed the Jewish population for
Germany’s problems
• Hitler…Der Fuhrer
• Brown Shirts
• A big admirer of Mussolini
Mein Kamph
• The Master (Aryan) Race
• Lebensraum…Living Space
• Racial Hierarchy
• Why was Hitler so popular?
– Violations of Treaty of Versailles
– The Economy
Japan
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Resources and aggression
Prince Kenoe
Tojo
Hirohito…Divine Right
Aggression
Resources
V China 1894
V Russia 1905
Japan and China
• Manchuria
• 1932…League of Nations
• By 1737 The North and Central Chinese
Plains
European Aggression
• 1933 Hitler dropped out of the League and
violated the Treaty of Versailles:
– Massive Military build-up
– Luftwaffe
– Occupied the demilitarized zone in the Rhineland
The Rhineland
Aggression
• 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia
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Haile Selassie appealed to the League
The League of Nations protested.
Italy left the League
500,000 Ethiopians died
5,000 Italians
The Spanish Civil War
• Fascist Franco fought to oust the Spanish king
(Juan Carlos) and government
• Mussolini sent troops (good practice for them
• Hitler needed practice for his airforce…The
Luftwaffe
• The Rome-Berliln Axis formed as a result of
successfou cooperation
In the U.S.
• Isolationism
• But over time (late 30’s) more and more
interventionists
• Lots of information had been published by this
time noting how some American businesses
profitted from WWI
• Made many Americans sick
In the Meantime
• The U.S. did not give formal diplomatic
recognition to the USSR to this point
• FDR thought that we needed to be more
realistic.
• The US and the USSR made a treaty
The Roosevelt-Litvinov Pact
• The United States would give formal
recognition to the Societ Union if they would
make arrangements to pay us back what they
owed us from WWI AND if they would stop
calling on workers to overthrow the
government
ALSO
• FDR tried to expand on the Good Neighbor
Policy in Latin America
• He repealed the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine
• He made an effort NOT to interfere in their
affairs
Reciprical Trade Aggrements
• Remember the results of the Hawley-Smoot
Tariff?
• Congress tried to stinulate U.S. and world
trade with the Reciprical Trade Agreements
Act
• Allowed the President to lower our tariff for
an individual country who would lower their
tariff for American goods
The Neutrality Acts
• Beginning in 1935 Congress passed a number
of laws designed to prevent the United States
from getting involved in European warts
• -The U.S. could not sell weapons or
armaments OR make loans to nations at war
• The Same for Civil Wars (Spain)
What About China
• China was being swallowed up by Japan
• BUT Japan had never officially declared war on
China
• SO Roosevelt was able to send supplies and $
to China to help them out.
Please read Chapter 16 Part 2
• Pages 536-541