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Public Opinion Chapter 11 What is the most common use of campaigning during elections? 1. 2. 3. 4. Canvassing Mail Magazine & Newspaper Ads TV Public Opinion The ideas & attitudes people have about candidates Influenced by age, gender, income, hobbies, race, religion & occupation Mass media is a strong influence Politicians must be responsive to public opinion if they are going to get reelected How does a person contribute to the Presidential Election Campaign Fund? 1. 2. 3. 4. By paying the sales tax Checking a box on their income tax forms Ordinary people can not contribute Only by contributing to PAC’s Determining Public Opinion Public Opinion Polls – survey – most accurate way to determine public opinion Pollsters – people trained to take polls & measure public opinion Public Opinion Poll – use random samples Push Polls – used to push public opinion one way or another Have loaded questions – biased to get a certain response Presidential Approval Rating Gallup Poll What is a split ticket? 1. 2. 3. 4. Ballots with candidates listed on two sides Using different ballots for national and state issues Voting for candidates from different political parties Voting for candidates from the same political party Which President had the worst approval rating? 1. 2. 3. 4. Harry Truman Franklin D. Roosevelt Richard Nixon George Bush Presidential Approval Ratings Media Print – newspapers, mailings, magazines Electronic – TV, radio, internet Main purpose – to keep us informed Independent media is most desirable Literacy is important Bias – one-sided point of view Biased Media Fox – Republican biased news MSNBC – Democratic biased news A disadvantage of mass campaigning is: A. B. C. D. Its too time consuming It takes too many people Its too expensive It doesn’t reach enough people Interest Groups People attempting to influence government with their shared views Pressure groups Functions: Bring issues to the public & lawmakers Support candidates who favor their goals All of the following are reasons a person should volunteer except: 1. 2. 3. 4. The community benefits A person can deduct it on their tax return It pays well It gives a person intrinsic value Types of Interest Groups Economic – most common Business organizations – interested in trade Industrial & Trade – represent certain types of business Labor Unions – rights of workers Professional Associations – represent different professions Group Ethnicity (NAACP) Age (AARP) Gender (NOW) Public – focus on specific causes (PETA) Can form PACs also All of the following are duties except: 1. 2. 3. 4. Attending school Paying taxes Voting in elections Serving on a jury Ways Special Interest Groups Influence Politics Election Activities – backing a candidate Lobbying – persuading officials Provide expert testimony or help write laws in committees Go to court to fight a cause Fund elections What is publishing false information that harms a person’s reputation? 1. 2. 3. 4. Propaganda Censorship Libel Slander Lobbyists Lobby – try to get officials to support a group’s goals Responsible for getting PAC money to the right politicians Speak in congressional committees Which of the following can cause a voters registration to be canceled? 1. 2. 3. 4. Convicted of a felony Move out of the state Nothing cancels voter registration Both A and B are correct Regulation Lobbyists can’t pay a candidates living expenses Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) All lobbies must register with federal & state governments & report all expenditures A lobbyist can do all of the following except: A. B. C. D. Pay a member of congress to vote for a bill Prepare a report on a bill Research information about a bill Testify about a bill Propaganda Attempt to influence people with biased information Always get both sides of a story from reliable sources Good way to determine what a candidate really supports is to see which PAC gives them money for campaigning To learn about public opinion, pollsters usually question: 1. 2. 3. 4. Americans from one particular economic group Fewer than 100 people A random sample of people People with very strong opinions Types of Propaganda Endorsements – famous or admirable person supports a candidate Stacked Cards – presenting only 1 side of the issue – distorting the facts Name-Calling – turning people against an opponent by giving them an unpleasant label or description Glittering Generality – statement that sounds good but is meaningless Symbols – use and misuse of symbols Just Plain Folks – make people think that the candidate is just like them Bandwagon – convincing people that everyone else agrees with a certain candidate Examples Which one of the following is a branch of the AFL-CIO Union? 1. 2. 3. 4. American Medical Association American Bar Association National Organization for Women National Football Players Association Most interest groups can be described as: 1. 2. 3. 4. Biased Illegal Impartial Ineffective All males must register at the age of 18 with the: 1. 2. 3. 4. Selective Services Draft Board US Army Board of Elections What provides a way for citizens to approve or reject state laws? 1. 2. 3. 4. Referendum Proposition Mandate Initiative When are referendums most likely used? 1. 2. 3. 4. Daily issues Run off elections Recall elections Controversial issues What is the main purpose of the media in politics? 1. 2. 3. 4. Ratings To inform us To influence the government Support the government