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Political Parties Growth of American Parties Civics: Chapter 9, Section 1- Development of Political Parties A ________________________________ is an organization of individuals with broad, common interests who organize to win elections, operate the government, and influence government policy During most of American history there have been two major political parties; for this reason, the US is said to have a ___________________________________ The US Constitution says nothing about political parties; in his Farewell Address of 1796, President ______________________________________ warned against them By the late 1790s, two rival political groups emerged, Secretary of State ________________________________________ led one, Secretary of the Treasury ________________________________________ led the other The Democratic Party The Republican Party Third Parties Hamilton favored a strong ______________________ government (FEDERALISTS); Jefferson argued for more power for _______________________ governments (DEMOCRATIC-REP.) At first Jefferson’s group was called the _____________________________________ Party by 1828 the party had split Those who supported candidate _____________________________________ took the name Democratic Party; in 1830 a new party, the _________________________ rose to compete In 1854 a group of Democrats and Whigs who opposed ____________________________ left their party to form the Republican Party In 1860, _____________________________________________ won election as the first Republican president, since then Republicans and Democrats have been our two major parties ___________________________________ are smaller minor parties that have competed for power in the nation’s two-party system; they have never won the presidency but major parties sometimes adopt their ideas 1. ________________________________ Parties= promote a social, economic, or moral issue (ex. The Prohibitionist Party which wanted to ban the sale of alcohol) 2. ________________________________ Parties= support a particular philosophy or political doctrine (ex. The Socialist Labor Party and Communist Party USA) 3. ________________________________= sometimes third parties form around leaders with strong personalities who cannot get support from one of the two major parties (ex. H. Ross Perot and the Reform Party in 1992) Other Party Systems There are many obstacles to third-party candidates winning major elections: they must obtain a large number of voter signatures to get on the _______________________ in many states and they have trouble raising _____________________ to compete against major party candidates Many democracies have ____________________________ systems; in these systems three or more parties compete for control of the government; several parties must work together Another type of system is the ____________________________ system; in this the party and government are nearly the same thing (Ex. China and the Communist Party) Elections are an empty exercise because there are no rival candidates; one-party systems are not ___________________________________ systems How the Parties Differ _____________________________ believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating the economy and in providing housing, income, education, and jobs for the poor _____________________________ believe if they help the nation’s economy grow, poor people will have a better chance of finding jobs on their own; they favor less government regulation of the economy as the best way to promote the growth of production One way to identify differences between the two parties is to read the political document, or platform, that each party writes at its ___________________________________________, held every four years The _____________________________ is a series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues Each individual part of the platform is called a ________________________; the platform communicates to voters what the party claims it will do if it wins election