Download The Great War - Cloudfront.net

Warm-up: In spiral, interpret the message of
this poster. Who is depicted, what are they
doing?
–War demanded sacrifice from all
citizens.
Governments took control of industry and
society to endure that war needs were being met.
Rations – Food, rubber, fuel, metal
England “victory gardens”
German men 17-60 were put to work by
government
Britain draft and colonies
Women and the War
W. European changes drastically during the war
New Jobs for Women – Women went to work
replacing the men at war.
Factory work, building tanks, bank tellers,
secretaries, construction
War nurse and war causes
113,000 joined Women’s Land Army: securing
supplies for soldiers on front and farmed, cut
timber, etc.
Many countries granted women suffrage
Espionage – Women spies during the war
(Edith Cavell; Mata Hari)
Espionage!
German Spy Mata Hari
British nurse Edith Cavell
Propaganda (noun): spreading of
ideas to promote a cause
Without radio and TV, the poster instrument of
massive form of communication
Stages of propaganda:
1. call for men+money
2. call for help for the fighting men
3. call for help for the wounded, orphans,
refuges
4. women in the factories
5. finally was a call to crush the enemy once
and for all.
Chorus - Over there, over
there, Send the word, send
the word over there -That
the Yanks are coming, The
Yanks are coming, The
drums rum-tumming
Ev'rywhere. So prepare, say
a pray'r,Send the word,
send the word to beware.
We'll be over, we're coming
over, And we won't come
back till it's over
Over there.
1. Recruitment of soldiers,
Common Objectives
of Propaganda 2.
draft or voluntary
enlistment
Financing the war effort
3. Eliminating dissent (?)
or unify the country
behind war
4. Conservation of
resources (rationing)
5. Participating in home-
front org.
WHAT CAUSED
THE UNITED
STATES TO ENTER
WW1?
THE U.S. ENTERS THE WAR
1. Unrestricted Sub.
Warfare (USW):
German U-boat sinks
Lusitania 1915
President Woodrow
Wilson issues “stern
warning”
2. By 1917 Germany wants
to resume USW
Starve Britain into
surrendering
Fear US response
3.
Zimmerman Telegram
• Jan. ‘17, British
intercept telegram
from G.F.S. Arthur
Zimmerman to
G.A.M.
• Purposed a GermanMexican alliance
• Help us, we’ll help
• Telegram made
public
• Monroe Doctrine
U.S. DECLARES WAR!
“The Last Straw”
April 6, 1917: U.S.
officially declare war
on Germany
Easy choice: U.S.
$upported the allies
and felt close to
Britain
Propaganda helped
convince American
that war was
justified
The Yanks are Coming!
Great Great
Uncle
George
WidlanskyDied
November 3,
1918: 1 week
before end of
war
March 1917 – Civil unrest
over fuel and food forces
Czar to step down
5.5 Million Russian had
died fighting or POW =
refused to fight
Revolution rocks Russia in
November 1917, and Lenin
takes over, ending
involvement in war
March 1918 – Germany &
Russia sign Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk
Russia
Withdraws from
WW1
2nd Battle of Marne:
July-Aug, 1918
Combination of Allied
(USA) forces vs.
German offensive
Turning point in the
war
Last real attempt by
Allied group shot at 2
Central Powers to
win war
nd
Battle of Marne
Bulgarians are first to
surrender, then Ottoman
Turks
Revelation hits AustriaHungry
German Kaiser steps
down and nation
becomes a republic
Germans and French
meet to sign armistice
(?)
WAR ENDS! NOV. 11,1918…
PLAY ME!
ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
“The intent to
destroy, in whole
or part, a national,
ethnical, racial, or
religious group.”
UN
Armenia Caught in the Middle
WW1 put Armenian
homeland on both
sides of Russia and
Ottoman Empire.
Starting in 1915,
deportation of
Armenians during
“Turkism”:
nationalism that
envisioned a new,
homogenous Turkish
state into Central
Asia.
April 23, 1915 – Armenian political, religious,
educational and intellectual leaders in
Constantinople were arrested, deported and put to
death (?)
Turkey government  Armenians are
untrustworthy, aid to enemies of state, and were in
a state of imminent rebellion
The fate of men, women & children
Thousands died of starvation, disease
and exposure.
,
More than half the Armenian population perished
or forcibly driven from their ancestral homeland.
World leaders, including
the U.S., were aware of
the atrocities but did not
interfere
1985 UN estimates “at
least one million”
Armenians were killed
between 1915-1923.
PLAY ME: 60 Minutes
"Battle of History"
Photo # 1
Ottoman soldiers posing in front on hanged Armenian leaders
Photo # 2
Armenians civilians killed in the desert miles from their village
Photo # 3
Armenian victims heads put on sticks as a display
WARM IT UP!
Q: In your opinion, who is to blame for the outbreak
of World War 1? If you were the king or queen of
“the world” how would you punish those you blame?
Number of Wounded & Killed
Central Powers
Allied Powers
THE PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE
Begins on Jan. 18,
1919
27 counties were in
attendance,
including the U.S.
for the first time
Defeated powers
were not invited (?)
Four key players
hammered out
most of the details
Paris, Armistice Parade, 1918
THE BIG FOUR – F.I.B.U
1) Woodrow Wilson - USA
2) Lloyd George – Great Britain
Wants lasting peace!
1)Fourteen Points
Punish Germany!
1)German reparations
a) Self-determination
b) League of Nations
2)Weaken German Army
3) Georges Clemenceau - France
3) Germany, A-H,
Ottomans lose territory
4) Vittorio Orlando - Italy
Get Revenge!
1)Blame Germany for war
2)Take back territory
3) German reparations
Get Anything!
1)Want land from
Austria-Hungary
WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS
Outline for President
Wilson’s plan for
achieving lasting peace
Tried to urge Europe
to accept “peace
without victory” (?)
European allies didn’t
go for it, dismissed and
diluted most of the
details
THE FOURTEEN POINTS
1) End of secret treaties
2) Freedom of seas
3) Freedom of trade
4) Reduce armies
5) Fairness toward colonies
6-13) Self-determination – letting people decide for
themselves under which gov. they wish to live
14) General association of nations that would
protect “great and small nations alike”
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Signed June 28, 1919 (…guess what?)
Created League of Nations
Germany had to sign and agree to a treaty
they had no part in negotiation
Forced to give up land
War Guilt Close
Demilitarization of Rhineland
Disarmament
Reparations
Germany 1) Gives back Alscae-Lorriane to France
2) Loses Saar Region & Rhineland to France
3) Part of East Prussia/SE Germany to Poles
& Czechs
4) Loses ALL African & Asian colonies
Austria- Broken up to create: Austria, Hungary,
Hungary Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia (given
to Serbia)
Ottoman 1)Ottomans keep Turkey
Empire 2) Middle East given to British & French
as mandates
Russia
Territory is given to Poland, Finland,
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
League of Nations
Part of the Versailles
Treaty
U.S. Senate rejects the
treaty
U.S. never joins the
League
League turns out to be
ineffective,
inconsistent, easily
manipulated
American anti-League cartoon