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Impact of the war on Germany by 1918 Germany was virtually bankrupt National income was about onethird of what it had been in 1913 War left 600,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers – by 1925 the state was spending about one-third of its budget in war pensions © Hodder Murray Industrial production Was two-thirds of what it had been in 1913 © Hodder Murray The war had deepened divisions in German society There were huge gaps between the living standards of the rich and the poor Many German workers were bitter at the restrictions placed on their earnings during the war while the factory owners made vast fortunes from the war. During the war women were called up to work in the factories. Many people saw this as damaging to traditional family values and society as a whole. Germany had a revolution and became an unstable democratic republic Stresses of war led to a revolution in October–November 1918 How was Germany´s economy before the war? • It was a prosperous country. In 1914, The German Mark, the British shilling, the French franc, and the Italian lira all had about equal value, and all were exchanged four or five to the dollar. • In 1923, at the most fevered moment of the German hyperinflation, $1 = 1 trillion marks Prices doubled between 1914 and 1919. What problems did Germany face at the end of the war? A. Economic problem: Germany in bankrupt British navy blockading Germany´s northern ports and starving out the nation Loss of labour power B. Political problems: Near total disrespect for the government C. Social problem: Many thousands of armed and disillusioned former soldiers roaming the streets Civilian population traumatised by the impact of the war. Anger in Germany over the Treaty of Versailles Spanish flu. After Germany lost the First World War, the Kaiser... Adbicated in 1918 • World War One had a devastating impact on Germany. Throughout World War One, the people of Germany had been led to believe by their government that they were winning the war. Government propaganda had been used to great effect. • Adolf Hitler along with many German soldiers, was convinced that Germany was not only winning the war but was in the process of putting together a major military assault on Allied lines. • Only the military leaders such as Luderndorff and Hindenburg knew the true state of Germany's military plight •Kaiser William II - had been forced to abdicate • The blame was put on weak politicians rather than on military exhaustion. Weimar Republic German history between 1919 and 1933 Democratic republic- constitution