Download 23.1

Germany After the First World War
Worksheet. Answer on a separate sheet of
paper to hand in. All 5 activities including
the extension (for the extension 1
ACTIVITY paragraph 4-6 sentences)
5
(Write it down)
(Talk to a partner)
(Be ready to
talk about it)
THINK - PAIR - SHARE
Create three columns on your answer
sheet with the following headings:
 Five freedoms I have at school;
 Five rights or freedoms that are
restricted at school;
 The reasons for the restrictions.

War Debts and Reparations
 US becomes
creditor nation in
1914
 By 1920 Allies owe
$10 billion to US
 Allies argue debts
should be
cancelled
“The US did not from
first to last make any
sacrifice or
contribution remotely
comparable to those
of her European
Associates, in life
limb, money, material
or trade, towards the
victory which she
shared with them”British Prime Minister
David Lloyd George
 US reject, however
they do reduce the
debts
 Only way for allies to
pay is from German
reparations at $32
billion
 Germans print more
paper money
causing
hyperinflation
German
mark
goes from
9 marks to 1 US
dollar (After War)
 4.6 million marks
to 1 US dollar
4.2 trillion marks
to 1 US dollar
Where would you
vacation if you
lived in Europe
after WW1?
Why?
How would the
Germans feel
about French and
English tourists
living it up in
Germany?




AUTHORITARIAN
1. favoring complete
obedience or subjection to
authority as opposed to
individual freedom
2. of or pertaining to a
governmental or political
system, principle, or practice
in which individual freedom is
held as completely
subordinate to the power of
the state, centered either in
one person or a small group
that is not constitutionally
accountable to the people.
3. exercising complete or
almost complete control over
the will of another

Totalitarian
 Controls every aspect
of life,
 The political system
penetrates the whole
society - dominating
religion, family life,
economy, education,
everything.
 At the very top is the
all-powerful leader.
Ch. 23 The Coming of War
Section 1 Dictators and War
Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Franco and Tojo:
The men behind the start of WWII.
In the 1930’s the world faced a
worldwide great depression…
There was poverty and
unrest. Many felt that a
“communist” economy
might hold answers to
relieve the misery…
Others turn to fascist dictators.
Both Communist economies and
Fascist governments practiced
TOTALITARIANISM.
Totalitarianism means: Total
control.
over people’s lives
Control over what they read
Control over where they
work
Control over political process
Control over businesses.
Control
Features of
totalitarianism
1. the cult of the
leader. Leader
must be supreme
and autonomous Hero worship. The
Leader is
perceived as wise,
paternal,
charismatic.
Features of
totalitarianism
2. radical ideology:
official, total,
comprehensive. It
exploits popular fears
and prejudices. The
ideology inspires and
legitimates a
revolutionary break
from the past:
– a.) provides a
scapegoat for past
wrongs
– b). explains present
sacrifices
– c.) promises a future of
peace & plenty
Features of totalitarianism
3. organization. A single political party
serves the leader in promoting the
ideology. The party initially might be
powerful, but it becomes subservient to the
leader. In time, no dissent permitted even
among party elites.
Hitler
and
Rohm
(Night of
the
Long
Knives)
Features of totalitarianism
4. mass mobilization & indoctrination. Fanatic followers
make any sacrifice. Regime mobilizes against internal
enemies (opponents, scapegoats,
counterrevolutionaries) and external enemies.
Use aggressive warfare (that is, wars without
justification, not in self-defense) to keep the people
mobilized.
Features of
totalitarianism
5. use of secret
police. All
sovereign states
monopolize armed
services and
police, but
totalitarian states
also use secret
police and
informers to
monitor and
control the
citizenry.
Features of totalitarianism
6. central control of all organizations, including
schools, the arts, clubs, news media, labor
unions, universities, churches, the economy. No
separate organizations
Features of totalitarianism
7. use of terror and violence:


To smooth the way to a takeover. Creates an
atmosphere of crisis and political instability. Dramatizes
inability of old government to provide security.
To maintain control afterward. Keeps the population too
terrorized to dissent.
Comparing Fascism and Communism
Communism
Similarities of
Totalitarian Rule
Fascism
• antidemocratic
• single party dictatorship
• antidemocratic and
• hopes for
international change
• enemies of fascism
• supported by
urban and
agricultural workers
• all businesses
state owned
• state control of the
economy
• use of police spies and
terror for control
• strict censorship and
government monopoly of
the media
• indoctrination of youth
• unquestioning obedience
to a single leader
nationalistic
• enemies of
communists
• supported by
business leaders,
wealthy landowners
and middle class
• all businesses
individually owned
but state controlled
Nazism
Totalitarianism
Communism
Fascism
*These theories, specifically Communism and
Fascism, are completely different theories that
are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the
same behavior
Hitler and Mussolini supported the
right, and Stalin supported the left.
Do Now: Page 773
 What
happened to
this girl?
 What characteristic
of a totalitarian state
would this photo
illustrate??
• Attempted to turn the
Soviet Union into an
industrial power
• Forced people to work in
factories and on staterun farms
• Killed or imprisoned
suspected traitors during
the Great Terror
Joseph Stalin
took control
of the Soviet
Union following
the death of
Vladimir Lenin.
• Ruled through fear and
massive propaganda
• Historians estimate 30
Million die due to policies
Stalin
Rise to
Power
Video
Joseph Stalin - How did he take power?
NARRATIVE
1. Who was Stalin's “arch enemy”?
2. Did Lenin want Stalin to lead the Soviet
Union?
3. What did Stalin want to replace Medieval
Muscovie with?
4. What happened to rural people after the
“great turn”?
5. What was protocol 111?
Back
GULAGS
"Don't chat! Chatting leads to treason"
Joseph Stalin - Beliefs
Five Year Plans - Goals for the
Communist state (industrial economic)
Collectivization of Agriculture
Increase Soviet knowledge in the
sciences (Space Race after WWII)
Believed in military superiority over the
United States (buildup of nuclear weapons)
Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
Back
Joseph Stalin and Militarism
Stalin believed in having a large military. When
the Soviet Union was invaded by Nazi Germany
in June of 1941 Stalin started a build-up of the Soviet army
which would last for several decades.
Back
“How did Hitler come to Power?” Questions
1-7 Separate Sheet to hand in
Hitler
 WWI vet wants someone
to blame with country
near collapse
 Blames government for
losing war
 Jailed for trying to
overthrow government
 According to
the political
cartoon what
did the Nazi
party crawl out
of?
In Germany, the Weimar Republic
struggled with overwhelming economic
and social problems.
Adolf Hitler, the
leader of the Nazi
Party, was
appointed
chancellor.
Hitler seized power
and created a
totalitarian state.
Hitler rebuilt the nation’s army. His economic policies
put people back to work. Many cheered his success.
Yet Hitler
ruled with
unlimited
power.
• Controlled the press and education
system
• Used propaganda to boost his
popularity
• Used the secret police to silence
opposition and restrict freedoms
Violently anti-Semitic, Hitler openly attacked Jews,
blaming them for all of the country’s problems.
Germany Leader: Adolf Hitler
– 1. claimed dictatorial powers
– 2. made anti-Semitism official government
policy
– 3. started military invasions into Rhineland
and Sudetenland
HITLER RISE
TO POWER
VIDEO
Acts of Aggression in Europe and Asia
Germany
•
•
•
•
•
Italy
• invaded Ethiopia
Spain
• Fascists rebelled against the government
• Spanish Civil War
Japan
• conquered Manchuria and parts of China
rebuilt military
reclaimed Saar region from France
invaded the Rhineland
Anschluss
invaded the Sudetenland
A weak League of Nations did little to
stop the aggression of the totalitarian
states or of Japan.
• Many feared involvement in another war.
• Some believed the Soviet Union posed a greater
threat than the threat of Nazi Germany.
• Others questioned the resolve of their own
country and their allies, and embraced a policy
of isolationism.
The appeasement of Hitler continued
with the Munich Pact.
Britain and France
sacrificed the
Sudetenland to
Germany in return
for peace.
But peace was
not to come.
British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain and Hitler in
Munich
For the most part, American
response to Fascist aggression was
American
Response to Fascist
virtually nonexistent.
Aggression
Roosevelt Administration was
concerned about it’s own
Economic well-being, rather than
world affairs.
Forward