Download Seminar Orthodontics Question 2

Seminar Orthodontics
Question 2
Group 4:
Marshitah Ab Wahid
Mohd Azizul Mohd Atan
Nur Amalina Zulkepre
Nurmarzura Abdul Latif
Nurul Asmat Abdul Rahman
Syafiqah Nadhirah Iskandar
Ahmad Fais Hj Mohd Abd Rasid
1090040
1090042
1090044
1090045
1090048
1090049
1090312
METHODS OF RECORDING MALOCCLUSION
-QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE
-INTRA-ARCH, INTER-ARCH PROBLEM
INCLUDING CLASSIFICATION OF
MALOCCLUSION
Introduction
• The methods of recording and measuring malocclusion
can be broadly divided into two types: qualitative and
quantitative.
• Qualitative evaluation of malocclusion was attempted
before quantitative methods.
• Definition (Qualitative):
It is a descriptive classification and it does not provide
any information of the treatment need and outcome.
Qualitative
1. Angle’s method (1899) of classifying
malocclusion with or without modifications
2. Stallard (1932)
3. Mc Call (1944)
4. Sclare (1945)
5. Fisk (1960)
6. Bjork, Krebs ans Solow (1964)
7. Proffit and Ackerman (1973)
8. WHO/FDI (1979)
Summary of qualitative methods of
recording malocclusion
Qualitative methods
Overview
1. Angle’s classification Classification of molar relationship devised as a
(1899)
prescription for treatment
2. Stallard (1932)
The general dental status, including some
malocclusion symptoms was recorded. No definition
of the various symptoms was specified.
3. Mc Call (1944)
Malocclusion symptoms recorded include molar
relationship, posterior crossbite, anterior crowding, rotated
incisors, excessive overbite, open bite, labial or lingual
version, tooth displacement, constriction of arches.
No definition of these symptoms was specified.
Symptoms were recorded in ‘all or none manner’
Qualitative methods
4. Sclare (1945)
Overview
Specific malocclusion symptoms were recorded including
•Angle’s classification of molar relationship,
•arch constriction with or without incisor crowding,
•superior protrusion with or without incisor crowding,
•labial prominence of canines,
•lingually placed incisors,
•rotated incisors,
•crossbite,
•open bite and
•closed bite.
Symptoms were recorded in ‘all or none manner'
5. Fisk (1960)
Dental age was used for grouping patients.
Three planes of space was considered:
1. Anteropostero relationship: Angle’s classification, anterior
crossbite, overjet (mm), negative overjet (mm).
2. Transverse relationship: Posterior crossbite (maxillaty teeth
biting buccally or lingually)
3. Vertical relationship: Open bite (mm), overbite (mm)
Qualitative methods
Overview
6. Bjork, Krebs and
Solow (1964)
Objective registration of malocclusion symptoms based on
detailed definitions. Data obtained could be analyzed by
computers.
Three parts:
1. Anomalies in the dentition: Tooth anomalies, abnormal
eruption, malalignment of individual teeth.
2. Occlusal anomalies: Deviation in the positional relationship
between the upper and lower dental arches in sagittal,
vertical and transverse plane.
3. Deviations in space conditions: Spacing or crowding
7. Proffit and
Ackerman (1973)
Five steps procedure of assesing malocclusion (no definite
criteria for assessment was given):
1. Alignment: Ideal, crowding, spacing, mutilated
2. Profile: Mandibular prominence, mandibular recession, lip
profile relative to nose and chin (convex, straight, concave)
3. Crossbite: Relationship of the dental arches in the sagittal
plane.
4. Angle’s classification: Relationship of the dental arches in
the sagittal plane.
5. Bite depth: relationship of the dental arches in the vertical
plane as indicated by the presence and absence of anterior
open bite, anterior deep bite, posterior open bite and
posterior collapsed bite.
Qualitative methods
8. WHO/FDI (1979)
Overview
Five major groups of items were recorded (with welldefined recording criteria) as follows:
1. Gross anomalies
2. Dentition: Absent teeth, supernumerary teeth,
malformed incisors, ectopic eruption.
3. Spaced condition: Diastema, crowding, spacing
4. Occlusion
a. Incisor segment: Maxillary overjet, mandibular
overjet, crossbite, overbite, open bite, midline shift.
b. Lateral segment: Anteropostero relations, open
bite, posterior crossbite.
5. Orthodontic treatment need judged subjectively:
Not necessary, doubtful, necessary.
Malocclusion: Classification based
on intra-arch problem
Intra-arch problems: malpositions of individual or group of teeth in
the same arch
i. Sagittal problems
Labioversion
Linguoversion
Mesioversion
Distoversion
ii. Transverse problems
Crowding
Spacing
Linguoversion
Buccoversion
iii. Vertical problems
Supraversion
Infraversion
iv. Rotated teeth
v. Transposition of teeth
Intra-arch problems
• Labioversion :A tooth that has assumed a
position labial to normal
• Lingoversion: Position lingual to normal
• Palatoversion: Position palatal to normal
• Buccoversion: Position buccal to normal
• Supraversion : Over-erupted beyond the level of
occlusion
• Infraversion: Depressed below the line of
occlusion, for example, primary tooth that is
submerged or ankylosed
• Torsiversion: rotated on its long axis
Classification of crowding
•Mild = <4mm
•Moderate = 4-8mm
•Severe = > or equal to 8mm
Reference
• Hassan R, Rahimah AK,2007; Review Article;
Occlusion, malocclusion and method of
measurements-an overview.
• Anirudh Agarwal, Rinku Mathur, 2012, An
Overview of Orthodontic Indices