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Religions of the Middle East (SW Asia)
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Religions by land area
Religions in Europe, Asia,
and Africa
Major religions in
Europe,
Africa, and Asia
Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam all have their hearth in the
Middle East
 come
from
SW Asia,
These are considered the “great
Monotheistic religions”
The three monothiestic religions trace
their faith back to Abraham.
Judaism is
the oldest
monotheistic
religion in
the world.
Where does the split between Christianity, Judaism,
and Islam begin?
Jews and Christians believe Abraham was
told by God to sacrifice his son Isaac.
The angels stopped Abraham from killing
his son.
Muslims believe God
told Abraham to
sacrifice his son
Ishmael. The angels
stopped him.
The split BEGINS
here.
Western Wall (Judaism)

The sole
remnant of
the second
Jewish
Temple.
Now a site of
pilgrimage for
Jews.
Jerusalem (Christianity)
Site of important
events in Jesus’
life.
Church of the Holy
Sepulchre. The
massive church
holds the site of
the crucifiction
and the tomb of
the resurrection.
Dome of the Rock (Islam)
This is where
Muhammad
was said to
have
ascended
into Heaven
to receive the
last
scriptures o
the Quran.
The Holy Books
Torah
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Beliefs/ foundation of each
religion is centered around the
key figures of Abraham, Jesus,
and Muhammad.

How old are the three religions?
Judaism – thousands of years – no definitive date
Christianity (~0-33 AD)
Islam (~622 AD)
The one God
Christianity
Jesus is the Son of
God.
He came and died
for the sins of the
world, then
conquered death
by rising from the
grave.
Will one day return.
Judaism
Yahweh
Jews are the “Children of
God”
Believe God gave them
what is present day
Israel (“the Promised
Land”)
Still waiting on the
Messiah.
Islam
Allah
Muhammad was a prophet
who received the word of
God.
He is followed because
he was the last one.
Muhammad is not to
be depicted.
Quran says that Jesus
was a prophet who
ascended alive into
heaven.
2 primary branches.
Sunni and Shiite
Places for public worship…
Judaism- synagogue; temple
Christianity- church or cathedral
Islam- mosque
Hajj (Mecca)
Hajj (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)
Major branches of each
religion
Judaism
Orthodox
Conservative
Reform
(Reform offers the most “liberal” interpretations of
Jewish code or law…Orthodox is the most strict)
Christianity
Eastern
Orthodox
Roman Catholic
Protestant
–Baptist
–Methodist
–etc.
Islam

Sunni – 85% of
Muslims.

Shia (Shiite) –
mostly in Iran and
Iraq.
Theocracy – rule by religious law
and religious leaders.
While the president of Iran is
elected, only people who are
approved by the religious
leaders are allowed to run for
office.
Islam split




Muhammad received the
word of God from the
angel Gabriel.
The split happened after
Muhammad’s death.
Sunni – believed new
leader should be elected
– Muhammad’s close
friend Abu Bakr
Shia – believed new leader
should come from
Muhammad’s direct blood
line
– his cousin/son-in-law,
Ali
Cartograms
Christianity
Islam