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Warm-Up
What do the Jewish people
believe in?
SS7G8.c
Compare And Contrast The Three
Main Religions
• Judaism
• Vocabulary
• Monotheism – Belief
in one God.
• Descendents –
Family members
• About Judaism
• 1st Monotheistic
religion in the world
• Over 4000 years old
• Started by Abraham
and his decedents.
• Worshiped a God
named Jehovah /
Yahweh
• Symbol is the Star of
David
• Writings and literature
• Torah – Name of
religious writing. The
first 5 books of the
Bible.
• Synagogue/Temple –
Place of worship
• Rabbi – Religious
leaders
• Sabbath – Religious
observance day. All
day Saturday.
• What Jews Believe
• Believe in one God,
creator of the
universe
• Religious book is
Torah
• 1st 5 books of the
bible
• Moses primary author
• Includes 10
commandments
• Torah
• Religious book
• 1st 5 books of the
bible
• Moses primary author
• Includes 10
commandments
• Old Testament
Characters
• Adam and Eve – Creation
story
• Noah – Destruction of the
earth
• Abraham – Started
Worshiping God Created
the Nation of Israel
• Moses – Saved Israellites
from Egyptian slavery
• David – Killed Goliath first
king of Israel
Exit Questions
• 1. What is monotheism?
• 2. Who is responsible for starting the
Jewish religion?
• 3. What is the Torah?
• 4. When is the Sabbath?
• 5. What are the 10 commandments?
Warm-Up
• What is monotheism and how is it different
polytheism?
• Hebrew / Jewish History
• 12tribes make up Hebrew
• Lived in Cannan modern
Israel
• Forced into slavery by
Egyptians
• Moses led them out of
slavery (called Exodus)
• Went back to Israel
• Called Jews after largest
tribe Judah
• Judah and Modern
Israel
• David becomes king
• Makes capital
Jerusalem
• Later King Saul builds
the Temple
• Both the Babylonian
and Romans take
over area
• 70 A.D. temple is
destroyed
As a people, Jews are…
• A nation in Diaspora
(dispersed)
• 15 – 16 million in
worldwide population
• United by a common
heritage (an “ethnic”
religion), divided in
contemporary practice:
– Orthodox:
– Reformed (18th
century Germany)
– Conservative –
moderates, response
to reform
As a way of life, Judaism is based
on…
• 613 commandments found in
Torah (“Written Law”)
– Dietary rules
– Dress and other symbols
– Prayer and devotion to the
one God
– The Temple and Temple
rites
– Observance of Holy days
– Proper social relations
between male and female,
in business, judicial rulings,
etc
How does Judaism sanctify time?
The Jewish Holidays:
• High Holidays:
– Rosh Hashanah (Jewish
New Year)
– Yom Kippur (Day of
Atonement)
• Chanukah, the “Festival
of Lights”
• Pesach (“Passover”) –
commemorates the
exodus from Egypt
(events told in Exodus)
• Judaism & Christianity
• Judaism predates
Christianity – it is the
foundation of Christianity
but is not a part of it
• Jesus and Apostles were
Jewish
• Jew believe Jesus was a
prophet but not Messiah
• Jews are not concerned
about salvation and the
“world to come”
Exit Question
• 1. What is the Diaspora?
• 2. Name one Jewish holiday.
• 3. What do the Jewish people think about
Jesus?
• 4. What is the symbol of Judaism?
• 5. What does “Chanukah” stand for?
Christianity
SS7G8.C
Compare and Contrast The three
Main Religions
•
Enter Jesus
• Christianity followers of
Jesus
• began in Judea / Israel
• Leader Jesus
• Born a Jew at about
4 B.C.
• Parents, Mary & Joseph,
• Lived in Nazareth.
• Christians call Mary the
Virgin Mary.
• Christians believe Jesus
is the “Son of God”
• Many believe Jesus’ birth
fulfilled a prophecy that a
virgin would give birth to
the Messiah
• Jesus began his ministry
in Galilee, north of Judea,
when he was in his early
30’s.
• The Gospels contain
stories about his birth in
the city of Bethlehem.
• Life of Jesus
• Jesus attracted disciples /
followers
• preached, performed
miracles, & criticizing the
Jewish authorities.
• Jesus preached about the
coming of the Kingdom of
God, meaning an
eternally just and
peaceful state of affairs.
• Kingdom of God =
heaven
• Believed to be the “Son of
God”
• Easter Story
• The Romans, who
governed Judea,
executed Jesus about
A.D. 30 by crucifixion.
• Later, his followers
found his tomb empty
and believed Jesus
had risen from the
dead.
• Followers of Christ
• Jesus’ disciples
spread his teachings
throughout the
Roman Empire
• organized churches.
• New religion open to
all and not just Jews
Exit Questions
• 1. What do Christians believe Jesus is?
• 2. What religion was Jesus?
• 3. How old was Jesus when he started his
ministry?
• 4. How did Jesus die?
• 4. What happened to Jesus after his
death that made people believe he was
the Messiah?
Warm-Up
• What event ended the life of Jesus?
• Early Christians / Martyrs
• The first Christians believed
that Jesus would return soon,
• They refused to honor Roman
gods, which the Romans
believed could anger the gods
and thus endanger the empire.
• Some Roman emperors had
early Christians arrested,
imprisoned, and even killed.
• Some Christians welcomed the
chance to become martyrs
(individuals who suffered or
died for their faith).
• Spread of Christianity
• During the first century
A.D., Christianity spread
rapidly throughout the
Mediterranean region.
• important Christian cities,
include
– Alexandria, Egypt;
– Antioch, in present-day
Turkey;
– Jerusalem, in present-day
Israel;
– Rome.
• End of Persecution
• 313 Edict of Milan
• Ends persecution of
Christians
• Religious tolerance
throughout the empire
• Writings of
Christianity
• Most early Christians
accepted the books of
the Jewish Bible as
inspired by God and
made them part of the
Christian Bible.
• They also added their
own writings to the
canon—that is, the
official list of books of
the Bible.
• Facts about Christianity
• Followers of Christianity
are called Christians
• approximately 2 billion
Christians worldwide
• Most Christians can be
found in
– Europe,
– North and South America
– Africa
• holy book is called The
Bible
• The religious laws of
Christians are called “Cannon
Law”
• The people who teach
Christian beliefs are
–
–
–
–
Priests,
Ministers,
Pastors,
Bishops
• The religious buildings of
Christians are referred to as
– Church,
– Chapel
– Cathedral
• The holy Day (Sabbath) for
most Christians is Sunday
Exit Questions
• 1. What region did early Christianity
spread through?
• 2. What religion is the base of
Christianity?
• 3. What areas are Christian in the world?
• 4. What is the holy book of Christianity
called?
• 5. What are the laws of Christianity
called?
Origins of Islam
• Story of Prophet
Mohammed
• He was born to Arab parents
from the tribe of Quraish, in
Mecca.
• The Quraish worshiped 360
gods. They believed these
gods will get them closer to the
God of gods (Allah).
• His parents died very early.
• He never worshiped Idols,
drank Alcohol or lied.
• He worked as a shepherd and
then as a trader.
• Known to people in Mecca as
“the Honest”.
• Story of Prophet
Mohammed
• Arab tribes had multiple
wars with the prophet and
Muslims.
• Finally, victory was for
Islam and Mecca fell into
the hands of the prophet.
• He forgave all his
enemies and soon, his
followers became in
hundreds of thousands.
• He died at the age of 63.
• Spread of Islam
• Following Mohammad’s
death a series of Caliphs
(religious political rulers)
came to power
• Muslim tribal armies
spread out of Arabia to
destroy and convert
conquering Egypt, Syria,
Mesopotamia, and Iran
and establishing an
Islamic empire.
• Spread of Islam
• From 661–750 the Islamic
Empire pushed the boundaries
of Muslim conquest as far
west as Spain and east to the
borders of India.
• Islamic capital moved to
Baghdad
• Islamic thought, the arts, and
literature were at their apogee.
• the Mongols sacked the city of
Baghdad in 1258
• Allah
• Monotheistic
• Allah is Arabic
for God
• Used by Muslims
• Allah – the one
God
Exit Questions
• 1. Who is the founder of Islam?
• 2. Where was he born?
• 3. What did he do when he captured
Mecca?
• 4. What is a Caliph?
• 5. What does Allah mean in Arabic?
Quran(Koran): The Holy Book
• Koran
• Holy Book
• Original intact as
given by the Prophet
in Arabic
• 114 Chapters
• Teaches what a
Muslim must do
• 5 Pillars of Islam
• Profession of
Faith
(Shahadah)
• Prayers (Salah)
• Charity (Zakat)
• Fasting ( Sawm)
• Pilgrimage (Hajj)
• Profession of Faith
(Shahadah)
• The Shahadah is the basic
creed or tenet of Islam:
• "I testify that there is no god
but Allah, and I testify that
Muhammad is the messenger
of Allah".
• This is the most important pillar
• Ideally, it is the first words a
newborn will hear, and children
are taught as soon as they are
able to understand it and it will
be recited when they die.
• Muslims must repeat the
shahadah in prayer
Prayers (Salah)
• Prayers (Salah)
• Five Daily Prayers from
Dawn to Late Evening
regulate a Muslim’s day
• Face Kabah, prayers in
Arabic as taught by the
Prophet.
• Additional Prayers
optional
• Charity (Zakat)
• Required 2.5% charity
on yearly savings
• A Muslim must be a
charitable person
• Removing a stone
from the road is
charity
• Greeting with a smile
is a charity
Exit Questions
• Fasting (Sawm)
• Ramadan is 9th month in
Islamic Lunar calendar
• Daily dawn to sunset fast
for 29/30 days (no food or
drink)
• Done to show sacrifice
Mohammad made when
he received his
revelations
• Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the
end
• Pilgrimage (Hajj)
• About 2-3 million Muslims
perform Hajj each year
from all over the world.
• Every Muslim at least
once in their life must
make a pilgrimage to
Mecca
• Forbidden Food
• Meat of animals found
dead
• blood
• the flesh of swine
(pigs)
• Alcoholic beverages
(such as beer and
wine) and intoxicants
(illegal drugs)
Forbidden in Islam
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shirk: worshiping
anybody/anything other than God.
Treating parents badly: not
obeying there orders, speaking to
them in loud voice even if they
have a different faith. (Same as
with your teachers)
murder, suicide.
Stealing.
Adultery, homosexuality.
Usury: Mortgage, credit card with
interest, bank interest.
Gambling.
Treating neighbors badly even if
they have a different faith.
Backbiting.
• Behavioral aspects
 Muslims should:
• Love Allah, his
messengers and the
believers.
• Be honest.
• Be generous.
• Visit the ill.
• Help the weak.
• Smile to others.
• Be clean.
• Remove dirt from the
road.
• Dress conservatively.
Exit Questions
• World Muslims
• 1.2 billion, Muslims
represent between 19.2%
and 22% of the world's
population.
• One of every five persons
in the world is a Muslim
• Second largest religion in
the world
World Distribution of Muslims
Africa
308,660,000
27.4%
Asia
778,362,000
69.1%
Europe
32,032,000
2.8%
Latin America
1,356,000
0.1%
North America
5,530,000
0.5%
World
1,126,325,000 100%
Source: Britannica Yearbook
• American Muslims
• 6 million
• About 40% AfroAmerican
• Not all Muslims
are Arabs, Not
all Arabs are
Muslims
• American
Muslims
• 5.8 million Muslims
in the USA
• About 40% African
Americans.
• Not all Muslims are
Arabs, Not all
Arabs are Muslims.