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Warm-up
• Briefly summarize the main ideas of Hinduism
and Buddhism
Monotheism
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
• Three religions that don’t realize their
similarities
• All three monotheistic
• All three started around the same region
• All three have similar beliefs
– Judaism – begins around 1800 BCE
– Christianity – 29 CE
– Islam – 622 CE
Judaism
• Oldest monotheistic religion in world today
• Founded by Abraham – shepherd who led followers from Ur to
Canaan
• Abraham chosen by Yahweh to be the father of Judaism
• Covenant – agreement between Abraham and Yahweh
– Abraham agrees to leave Ur with his followers, go to the Promised
Land, and worship only Yahweh, in return Yahweh will protect his
chosen people and their descendants
– The LORD had said to Abraham, "Leave your country, your people and your father's
household and go to the land I will show you.
"I will make you into a great nation
and I will bless you;
I will make your name great,
and you will be a blessing.
I will bless those who bless you,
and whoever curses you I will curse;
and all peoples on earth
will be blessed through you."
Canaan
Exodus
• Jews eventually leave
Canaan for Egypt – driven
out by famine
• Once in Egypt, they are
enslaved
• Exodus – Jews are led to
freedom by a shepherd
named Moses
• New covenant made –
Moses climbs Mount Sinai to
pray, returns with the Ten
Commandments
The Ten Commandments – the most
fundamental laws of Judaism
I am the Lord your God.
You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make
for yourself an idol.
You shall not make wrongful use of the name of your God.
Remember the Sabbath and keep it holy.
Honor your father and mother.
You shall not commit murder.
You shall not commit adultery.
You shall not steal.
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor.
Jewish Rituals and Beliefs
• Holy book is the Torah – the first
five books of the Old Testament
• Believe they are the chosen
people of God – not a religion
looking to expand and convert
• Worship is led by a rabbi at a
synagogue
• Believe that the Messiah, or savior,
has not come back to Earth yet
(we will get back to this)
• Many celebrations, holidays and
rituals in Jewish life
– Passover marks remembrance of
the Exodus, Rosh Hashanah the
Jewish New Year, Bar and Bat
Mitzvah is the entrance into the
adult world, etc.
Christianity – splits off of Judaism
Judaism
What event would be the cause of this split?
Christianity
• Founded by Jesus around the time of his
death – 33 – 36 CE
• Original Christians split off from Judaism
– Main difference between Judaism and Christianity
– Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah, or savior,
and Jews do not
• Bible is holy book – both Old and New
Testament
Who are the first Christians?
• 12 followers of Jesus – preached his message after his
death, wrote many of his teachings down in the Bible
• Appealed especially to the poor – focused on good
deeds, not wealth and social status
• Promised salvation in afterlife, no matter how bad
current life was
– “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.”
– “It is easier for 1,000 camels to pass through the eye of a
needle than it is for a rich man to get into heaven.”
Islam
• Mecca – trading city in modern-day Saudi Arabia
• Trading city and pilgrimage city during the 600s – tribes from all
around the Arabian desert came to trade goods
• Temple in Mecca where idols to gods of different tribes were placed –
called the ka’ba
• Trader and guardian of ka’ba was named Muhammad
Turn to Islam
• Around the year 610, Muhammad begins to
hear voices – “No god but Allah”
• Angel Gabriel brought message to
Muhammad – polytheists were worshipping
wrong, up to Muhammad to set them straight
• People of Mecca didn’t like monotheistic
message, pushed him out of town in 622
• Hijrah – journey by Muhammad and followers
from Mecca to Medina
Return to Mecca
• 630 – Muhammad gains followers, returns to
retake Mecca
• Takes city, goes to ka’ba, smashes idols in it
• Calls entire city to prayer from the roof – first
Muslim call to prayer
• Muhammad considered the main prophet of
Islam – his wife Khadijah also very important
5 Pillars of Islam – must practice these
in order to be considered Muslim
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
One god – Allah - Shahada
Go 2 Mecca – Hajj
No 3 square meals during Ramadan - Sawm
Alms or charity 4 the poor - Zakat
Pray 5 times daily in the direction of Mecca – Salat
-Most basic beliefs of Islamic faith
-Islamic religious gatherings take place in mosques
-Islamic holy book called the Qur’an (sometimes Koran)
A similarity between Shinto in Japan and
animism in African societies is that both
(1) use the Torah to establish law codes
(2) stress the importance of the Eightfold Path
(3) believe that spirits exist in nature
(4) base social rank on a caste system
• Which practice is most closely associated with
a person of the Islamic faith?
• (1) refraining from eating meat on Fridays
• (2) praying five times a day
• (3) following the Eightfold Path
• (4) worshipping many gods
• Which action is most closely associated with
polytheism?
• (1) praying in a synagogue
• (2) accepting the Eightfold Path
• (3) worshipping many gods
• (4) reading the Koran
• Which belief system is most closely associated
with the terms Eightfold Path, Four Noble
• Truths, and nirvana?
• (1) Buddhism
(3) Judaism
• (2) Christianity
(4) Shinto
• Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in
that they all ask their followers to
• (1) believe in reincarnation
• (2) strive for nirvana
• (3) follow a code of behavior
• (4) practice polytheism
•
• “Just as a man, having cast off old garments, puts on
others, even so does the embodied one, having cast
off old bodies, take on other, new ones.”
• Which belief or practice is expressed in this
quotation?
• (1) rigid class structure
(3) monotheism
• (2) reincarnation
(4) fasting and prayer
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The caste system in India was characterized by
(1) toleration for various religious beliefs
(2) equality between men and women
(3) a lack of social mobility
(4) the right of people to choose their
occupations