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The Egyptian Empire The Middle Kingdom • About 2300 BC, the pharaohs lost control of Egypt as nobles battled for power. – 200 years of confusion followed. The Middle Kingdom • Finally, a new dynasty of pharaohs came to power. – They moved the capital to a city called Thebes. • There they restored order and stability – Ushered in the Middle Kingdom (2050 BC to 1670 BC) The Drive for More Land • During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt took control of new lands • Conquered peoples sent tribute to the Egyptian pharaoh enriching the kingdom. – forced payments Who Were the Hyksos? • The middle Kingdom came to an end in 1670. – people known as the Hyksos, from Western Asia, attacked Egypt • Mighty warriors. – They ruled Egypt for about 150 years The New Kingdom • Ahmose's reign began a period known as the New Kingdom. – Egypt became even richer and more powerful during this time • About 1473 BC, a queen named Hatshepsut came to power in Egypt. The New Kingdom • After her husband died, Hatshepsut made herself pharaoh. – She was one of the few women to rule Egypt The New Kingdom • Hatshepsut was more interested in trade than conquest. – She promoted the trade journeys • Incense was one of the popular goods traded at this time – A material burned for its pleasant smell. • These trade journeys brought even greater wealth to Egypt Expanding the Empire • When Hatshepsut died, her nephew Thutmose III became pharaoh • Thutmose's empire grew rich from trade and tribute Egyptian Slavery • Egypt enslaved many prisoners of war during this time. • Slavery had not been widespread in Egypt before – During the new Kingdom however, it became common. A Religious Reformer • Amenhotep created a new religion in hopes of taking power away from the priests • He then changed his name to Akhenaton – "Spirit of Aton" A Religious Reformer • Most Egyptians refused to accept Aton as the only God. • Meanwhile Akhenaton became so devoted to his new religion that he neglected his duties as pharaoh. The Boy King • Tutankhamen was the next pharaoh – He was only 10 years old • He relied on help of palace officials and priests to help him rule The Boy King • At the age of 19, Tutankhamen mysteriously died • King Tut’s tomb was discovered in 1922 – The mummy was still preserved The End of the New Kingdom • Ramses II was a pharaoh who attempted to make Egypt great again – He regained lands lost to the Hittites and rebuilt the empire Egypt’s Decline and Fall • After Ramses II, Egypt’s power began to fade • By 1150 BC, Egyptians had lost their empire and only controlled the Nile delta Egypt’s Decline and Fall • In 760 BC, the people of Kush seized power • In 670, The Assyrians took over Egypt.