Download document

ANCIENT
EGYPT
Land of the Nile
Historical Periods
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
3900 B. C. E.
Archaic
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
750 – 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Egypt by Satellite
The Nile River Valley
The Flooding of the Nile
Irrigation
Creation Myth
At first, there was only Nun. Nun was
the dark waters of chaos.
Creation Myth
One day, a hill rose up out of the
waters. This hill was called Ben-Ben.
On this hill stood Atum, the first god.
Creation Myth
Atum coughed and spat out Shu, the
god of the air, and Tefnut, the goddess
of moisture.
Creation Myth
Shu and Tefnut had two children.
First, there was Geb, the god of the
earth. Then, there was Nut, the goddess
of the sky.
Creation Myth
Shu lifted Nut up so that she became
a canopy over Geb.
Creation Myth

Nut and Geb had four children named
Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys. Osiris was
the king of the earth and Isis was the queen.
Creation Myth
Osiris was a good king, and he ruled over
The earth for many years.
Creation Myth
However, everything was not well. Seth
was jealous of Osiris because he wanted
to be the ruler of the earth.
Creation Myth
Seth grew
angrier and angrier
until one day he killed
Osiris.
Osiris went down into
the underworld and
Seth remained on
earth and became king.
Creation Myth
Osiris and Isis had one son called Horus.
Horus battled against Seth and
regained the throne.
Creation Myth
After that, Horus was the king of the
earth and Osiris was the king of the
underworld.
Cosmos





gods
spirits of deceased humans
existed in divine realm, had many of gods’
abilities
living humans
pharaoh most important, bridged human and
divine worlds
Maat


Maat or ma’at was the Egyptian concept of truth,
balance, order, law, morality, and justice.
Maat was also personified as a goddess
regulating the stars, seasons, and the actions
of both mortals and the deities, who set the
order of the universe from chaos at the
moment of creation.
Maat





associated with time
cyclical pattern of renewal to maintain Maat
annual Nile flood
succession of kings
daily journey of sun god Ra
Journey of Ra
Soul and Body
The Ancient Egyptians believed that a
human soul was made up of five parts:
the Ren, the Ba, the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib.
In addition to these components of the soul
there was the human body, called the ha, meaning
approximately the sum of bodily parts.
Representation of the Soul
Ib: The Heart

important part of the soul

seat of emotion, thought, will, and intention

key to the afterlife
Social Classes
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Hieroglyphics
Papyrus
Daily Life
Middle Class Home
Peasant Home
Nobility
Egyptian Beauty
Scribe
Priest
1. Linen
2. Sawdust
3. Lichen
4. Beeswax
5. Resin
6. Natron
7. Onion
8. Nile Mud
9. Linen Pads
10. Frankincense
Mummification
Valley of the Kings
Pyramids at Giza
Great Pyramid of Khufu
Great Sphinx
King Tut
Opening of the Mouth
From the Book of the Dead
Opening of the Mouth Ceremony
A Boat for the Journey to the Afterlife
Solar Bark
Boat from a
Pharaoh’s Tomb
The Weighing of the Heart
Final Judgment of the Dead