Download Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt
Monday- The Nile
• Egypt started as scattered villages up and down
the Nile River.
• In Egypt, it rarely rained yet it flooded with
great predictability. From July to October the
River overflowed due to water flowing down
from the mountains. When the river receded, it
left behind large mounds of dark fertile earth.
The Egyptians called their land Kemet, which
meant ‘The Black Land.’
How was Hurricane Katrina in 2005
similar?
Nile Facts
• The Nile River
flows into the
Mediterranean
Sea. It’s the
world’s longest
river, and is 4,000
miles long.
Gifts of the Nile
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fertile Soil
Abundant Food
Water for Irrigation
Transportation of Goods and People
Protection from Enemies
Minerals and Resources from Desert
Cataracts and Deltas
• It has wild rapids called Cataracts that blocks
ships from using the southern portion of the
river. Egypt also had a delta, a large area of
fertile ground where the river branched out in
several directions where it met the sea.
Cataracts
Delta
Problem Solving
• Imagine you were a farmer in Ancient
Egypt. Answer the questions below.
1)What if the Nile Flooded? What would you
do?
2) What if it stopped flowing? What would
you do?
Bellringer 9-28-10
1.
2.
3.
4.
Where is Egypt located?
How did the Nile effect people living there?
What is a cataract?
What is a delta?
• -look at your notes from yesterday
Turn to pg 12 of SS Notebook
-Book of the Dead
-Embalming
-Sacarphagus
-Pyramid Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Tuesday- Religion
• Egyptians were polytheistic
• Which means??
• They believed in many Gods that ruled nature.
We have learned about their religion through
hieroglyphics.
Gods and Goddesses
• Isis- Most important Goddesses
• Ra (or Re)- The sun God
• Hapi- God that ruled the Nile
The Afterlife
• The afterlife was even more important that
life on earth to the Egyptians.
• In order to get into the afterlife, Egyptians
studied a book called the Book of the Dead,
which contained prayers and spells they
thought they needed to get into the afterlife.
Book of the Dead
Mummies
• In order for Pharaoh to make it peacefully to
afterlife, his body had to be protected. They
practiced embalming, or mummifying the
Pharaoh’s body.
• A mummy is then placed in a decorated
sarcophagus, which is like a coffin.
Pyramids
• Pyramids were built as tombs for the Pharaohs.
The very first were in Giza.
Building a Pyramid
1. Select a site
2. Find stone
3. Cut stone into blocks and make sleds to pull
them.
4. Float stones up the Nile to the pyramid site
5. Stones pushed up ramps
Inside Pyramids
Pyramid Video
• Write down 3 things you learned about
Pyramids from this video
Homework: Pyramid Paragraphs
• Write two paragraphs on pyramids
– 1st paragraph explain why they were important
– 2nd paragraph explain the process for building
pyramids
– Bonus Points = draw your own representation of a
pyramid being built
Bellringer 9-29-10
1. What is embalming?
2. What is a sarcophagus?
3. What did Egyptians believe about the
afterlife?
4. What was the name of their writing system?
-Place last nights homework on the top right hand
corner of your desk
Table of Contents
Date
9-29
Topic
6-1.4 Hieroglyphics
pg #
13
6-1.4 Hieroglyphics
• What were hieroglyphics?
• What was papyrus?
• What was the Rosetta Stone?
Hieroglyphics
• Egyptian style of
writing was known
as hieroglyphics. It
had hundreds of
picture symbols
that scribes learned
to read and write.
Writing System
• Papyrus was a reed plant used for baskets,
sandals, rafts, and eventually paper.
Compare and Contrast
Hieroglyphics
Cuneiform
Papyrus
Rosetta Stone
Rosetta Stone
• Large rock found by archaeologists in the Nile.
It allowed historians to translate hieroglyphics
into other languages.
• Before the Rosetta Stone was found no one
could read hieroglyphics
Bellringer 9-30-10
1. What were hieroglyphics?
2. What is the Rosetta Stone?
3. Why was the Rosetta Stone important?
Standard and Objective
• Standard: 6-1.4 Culture of Ancient River Valley
Civilizations; Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and
India
• Objective: SWBAT…analyze the economic
system of Egypt.
Table of Contents
Date
9-29
Topic
6-1.4 Hieroglyphics and Economy
pg #
13
Farming and the Economy
How were the Egyptians successful at farming?
What is a shadoof?
How did Egyptians conduct trade?
• Farmers used irrigation techniques to get
water to their fields. They built basins, or
bowl shaped depressions in the ground to
trap water. Then they build canals to carry
water to the fields.
Economy
Shadoof
• They also used a
tool known as a
shadoof, a bucket
on a long pole
used to lift water
from the Nile
River to the
basins.
Farming Surplus
• Egypt’s economy was based on farming. In
ancient Egypt, there was no coin usage, but
they traded for things they needed, giving what
they had a surplus of.
• Egypt also had a surplus of goods and a
division of labor. They traded as far away as
Mesopotamia.
- Geography
• Egypt has deserts. To the west is the Sahara
Desert, the world’s largest desert. To the east is
the Eastern Desert, which separates Egypt
from the Red Sea.
• Egypt rarely faced outside attacks. They were
able to grow and prosper in ways that
Mesopotamia couldn’t.
Bellringer 10-1-10
What was Egypt's economy based on?
Popcorn Popper
• 90 seconds to list as much as you
know about something
Acrostic Poem
A lady who is really smart
R really has a big heart
C
H
E
R
Hieroglyphics
Papyrus
Pharaohs
Polytheistic
Nile River
Floods
Basin
Shadoof
Pyramids
Mummies
Sarcophagus
Farming
Economy
Canals
Irrigation
Desert
Cataracts
Delta
Rosetta Stone
Embalming
Many Gods
Afterlife
Northern Africa
Egypt Video
Tuesday- Social Class
• Their job or profession determined people’s
social status. Egypt had a “stratified” society,
meaning many layers. Using the Pyramid
illustration on page 45, list out the different
social statuses.
Role Play
• Each person is given a role based off the
Egyptian social class. Follow the guidelines on
your role play card and try to figure out what
roles other classmates have based on your
interaction with them.
Exit Card
• How was your role different from others?
Explain.
Wednesday- Government
• Government was needed to organize and build
irrigation, store food, resolve disputes.
• Egypt started with village chiefs. By 4000
B.C., Egypt divided into two kingdoms: Lower
and Upper.
King Narmer
• In 3000B.C., King Narmer
of Upper Egypt went north
and took control of Lower
Egypt. He joined together
the world’s first united
kingdom. He also started
the first ruling-dynasty in
Egypt and built the capital
in Memphis.
Dynasty
• A dynasty is a line of rulers from one family.
• Egypt had 31 dynasties, lasting 2800 years,
divided into Old, Middle, and New kingdoms.
Pharaoh
• Pharaoh is a ruler who has absolute control
over his kingdom.
• The Pharaoh had total control over Egypt. The
word Pharaoh means great house, because of
the fact that the Pharaoh lived with his entire
family in great palaces.
Oh to be a Pharaoh…
• With a partner, list some
Rights/Duties/Responsibilities of the Pharaoh
using page 48 of the textbook.
– He was in charge of appointing officials to carry
out his wishes. Those officials were in charge of
handling things like crops, trade, and taxes.
Architecture
Compare
Columns
Temple of Ramses II