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CHAPTER ONE
From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
World Civilizations, The Global Experience
AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board,
which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers
II. Human Life before Agriculture
III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
Introduction: definitions of civilization
Elements: urban, monumental building, writing, specialized occupations
Connotation v. denotation
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers.
Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.
larger brain
tools, weapons
Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.:
Hunting-gathering
Art
The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.
Spread to Europe, Asia,
Australia, the Americas
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
II. Human Life before Agriculture
A. Paleolithic Culture
Old Stone Age
to 14,000 Y.A.
Homo sapiens sapiens
c. 240,000, Y.A.
B. Late Paleolithic Developments
Variety
Bands of hunter-gatherers
Agricultural settlements
Gender division of labor
Men: hunting, fishing, defense
Women: gathering, making medicine
Spread
from Africa
c. 750,000 Y.A.
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
Sedentary agriculture
Animals domesticated
Development of towns
Causes?
Climatic shifts
The Domestication of Plants and Animals
Plants
slow development
Animals
from 12,000 B.C.E.: dogs, sheep, goats, pigs
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
The Spread of Agriculture
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
Hunting-and-gathering persists
Pastoralism
Sub-Saharan Africa
root and tree crops
Northern China
millet
Rice
Southeast Asia, to China, India, islands
The Spread of Agriculture
Mesoamerica, Peru
Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes
Bronze Age
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
IV. Civilization
Settlements, villages
slash and burn agriculture
irrigation
Çatal Hüyük
c. 7000 B.C.E., southern Turkey
Large complex
Agriculture, commerce
Shrines
Occupations
by 3000 B.C.E., civilization
Aspects of civilizations?
cities
writing
political organization
Writing
cuneiform
Nomads
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
IV. Civilization
A. Tigris-Euphrates Civilization
Mesopotamia
Sumerians
from 3500 B.C.E.
alphabet
Ziggurats
religion
priesthood
City-states
Akkadians
Babylonians
Hammurabi
code
Indo-Europeans
from 2100 B.C.E.
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
IV. Civilization
B. Egyptian Civilization
Pharaoh
pyramids
from 2700 B.C.E.
Kush
C. Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations
Indus River
Harappa, Mohenjo Daro
Indo-Europeans
Huanghe (Yellow) River
P'an Ku
ideographs
Shang dynasty
from 1500 B.C.E.
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Egypt, Kush and Axum
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
V. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
Decline by 1000 B.C.E.
Invasions
Legacy?
China
great continuity
Zhou
from 1000 B.C.E.
Mesopotamia
more rupture
view of nature persists
Phoenicians
alphabet from 1300 B.C.E.
enduring culture
Jewish monotheism
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
Ancient Kingdoms
of the Nile
1279 - 1213 B.C.
Ramses II
1380 - 1362 B.C.
Amenhotep
1482 - 1450 B.C.
Thutmose III
3200 B.C.
Menes united Egypt.
3500 B.C.
1503 - 1482 B.C.
Hatshepsut
2500 B.C.
1500 B.C.
3000 B.C.
Hieroglyphics
developed.
500 B.C.
0
500 A.D.
1570 – 1080 B.C.
The New Kingdom
-Egypt establishes an
empire.
2050 – 1650 B.C.
The Middle Kingdom
-Hyksos introduce
chariots and compound
bow.
300 B.C.
No longer an imperial power.
Rule in Egypt by Egyptians came to an end.
2680 – 2180 B.C.
The Old Kingdom
-The Great Sphinx
& Pyramids built.
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations
VI. The First Civilizations
Division
among peoples
Contacts
increase with time
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007