Download Chapter 2, Section 3 The Egyptian Empire

Chapter 2, Section 3
The Egyptian Empire
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Vocabulary
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The Middle Kingdom
• Around 2300 B.C., pharaohs lost control of Egypt.
• A new dynasty of pharaohs moved capital city of
_________ to a city called __________.
• Started new period in time called the
______________________.
• Enjoyed time of stability, prosperity, & achievement from 2050—
1670 B.C.
• Egypt took conquered new lands like _________
and Syria.
• Forced people to send ______________ to the pharaoh—this
enriched the kingdom.
• During Mid. King., ________, ____________ &
architecture thrived.
The Middle Kingdom
• Things were changing:
• Painted colorful scenes of deities & daily life on walls.
• Sculptors made large statues of pharaohs—showing them as ordinary
people rather than gods.
• Poets wrote loves songs and tributes to pharaohs.
• Instead of building more pyramids, pharaohs had tombs cut into cliffs
west of Nile River.
• Area became known as the ___________________________.
• Middle Kingdom ended in 1670 B.C.
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Mighty warriors, the __________ attacked & conquered Egypt.
Hyksos used horse-drawn chariots & weapons made of bronze & iron.
Egyptians fought on foot w/copper & stone weapons.
Hyksos ruled Egypt for 150 years until Egyptian prince named
______________drove them out.
The New Kingdom
• Ahmose’s reign started New Kingdom in Egypt.
• Egypt became more powerful & richer than ever.
• This is where Egypt reached the height of its glory!!!
• 1473 B.C.—queen named _____________ came
to power in Egypt.
• Hatshepsut ruled w/her husband & upon his death, she made
herself pharaoh!!!
• Trade grew during her reign!
• Exchanged beads, metal tools, & weapons for gold, ivory, ebony
& ______________.
• One of her greatest accomplishments was the construction of a
great temple & tomb in Valley of the Kings.
Legacies of Two Pharaohs
• After Hatshepsut’s death, her nephew
_____________ became pharaoh.
• He conquered more lands & got richer from tributes.
• During his reign, _______________ became common.
• They did have some rights: could own land, marry, & eventually be
granted freedom.
• _________________ came to power in 1370 B.C.
• His wife was Nefertiti. Together, they tried to steer Egypt in a new
direction.
• Amenhotep felt priests gained too much power, so he
introduced new religion w/only one god, called _____.
• Priests who resisted changes were removed from power and their land
was seized.
Legacies of Two Pharaohs
• Amenhotep changed name to _______________,
which means “Spirit of Aton.”
• Most Egyptians refused new religion.
• Amenhotep neglected his pharaoh duties & did not act when
Hittites attacked Egypt. The empire greatly decreased in size!
• Akhenaton died & his son-in-law took the throne.
• __________________ (or “King Tut”) was a boy
about 10 years old!!!
• He ruled for about 9 years & died suddenly.
• In A.D. 1922, Howard Carter found grave.
End of New Kingdom
• ___________ was one of most effective pharaohs of
New Kingdom—ruled for 66 years!
• Responsible for building many temples in Egypt, regaining lands in
western Asia, & rebuilding empire.
• Built temple of Karnak.
• Temples not used for regular services . . . most
Egyptians prayed at home.
• Believed temples were houses for gods/goddesses.
• Temples served as banks: store valuable items such as gold jewelry,
sweet-smelling oils, & finely woven cloth.
• After Ramses II, Egyptian rule declined.
• Attacked by 3 neighboring groups who conquered Egyptians:
• ______________, people of _________, and the Assyrians!
List of Key Pharaohs
1. Ahmose— led uprising that drove Hyksos out of Egypt.
Egypt was more rich and powerful than ever.
2. Hatshepsut— first woman pharaoh. Trade grew.
3. Thutmose III— became pharaoh after Hatshepsut’s death.
He conquered more lands and slavery became common.
4. Amenhotep IV— wife was Nefertiti. Introduced new
religion w/only one god (Aton) and changed his name to
Akhenaton.
5. Tutankhamen— “King Tut.” Boy ruler who took throne
upon Amenhotep’s death. Was only 10 yrs old when he came
to power.
6. Ramses II— one of most effective pharaohs of New
Kingdom. Many temples were built. Ruled for 66 years!