Download video slide

Chapter 22
Descent with Modification:
A Darwinian View of Life
PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for
Biology
Eighth Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 22-1 How can this beetle survive in the desert and what is it doing?
Fig.
Which
22-3
layer would have more recent fossils? Why?
Layers of deposited
sediment
Fig. 22-4
How
does this bonsai tree represent why acquired traits cannot be inherited?
Fig. 22-7
Why
did Darwin represent his thoughts of the history of life as a tree?
Approximately
when did the most
recent ancestor
shared by
Mamuthus, Asian
elephants, and
African elephants
live?
Hyracoidea
(Hyraxes)
Sirenia
(Manatees
and relatives)
Moeritherium
Barytherium
Deinotherium
Mammut
Platybelodon
Stegodon
Mammuthus
Elephas maximus
(Asia)
Loxodonta
africana
(Africa)
Loxodonta cyclotis
(Africa)
34
24
Millions of years ago
5.5
2 104 0
Years ago
How22-9
Fig.
do
breeders get
such diverse
plants from
the wild
mustard?
Terminal
bud
Lateral
buds
Cabbage
Brussels sprouts
Flower
clusters
Leaves
Kale
Cauliflower
Stem
Wild mustard
Flowers
and stems
Broccoli
Kohlrabi
Fig. 22-10
What
is the significance of variation among members in snail population?
How22-11
Fig.
does this
image connect to
Malthus’ work on
human suffering?
Spore
cloud
How
Fig.does
22-12
camouflage
help
organisms?
(a) A flower mantid
in Malaysia
(b) A stick mantid
in Africa
What would happen if, after 22 months, guppies from the transplanted population were
returned to the source pool?
RESULTS
12
Number of
colored spots
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Source
Transplanted
population population
10
8
6
4
2
0
Source
Transplanted
population population
Fig. 22-1
22-14Why is the percentage of 3TC resistant viruses increasing?
100
Patient
No. 1
Patient No. 2
75
50
Patient No. 3
25
0
0
2
4
6
Weeks
8
10
12
What22-16
Fig.
role do fossils play in understanding the evolution of whales and other
cetaceans?
(a) Pakicetus (terrestrial)
(b) Rhodocetus (predominantly aquatic)
Pelvis and
hind limb
(c) Dorudon (fully aquatic)
Pelvis and
hind limb
(d) Balaena
(recent whale ancestor)
Fig. 22-17
Why
are these considered homologous structures rather than analogous structures?
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Human
Cat
Whale
Bat
Fig. 22-18
What
do similarities at the embryonic stage suggest?
Pharyngeal
pouches
Post-anal
tail
Chick embryo (LM)
Human embryo
Are crocodiles more closely related to lizards or birds? Explain your answer.
Branch point
(common ancestor)
Lungfishes
Amphibians
1
Mammals
2
Tetrapod limbs
Amnion
Lizards
and snakes
3
4
Homologous
characteristic
Crocodiles
Ostriches
6
Feathers
Hawks and
other birds
Birds
5
If these
Fig.
22-20
two species look so similar, are they descended from a recent common
ancestor? What do they have in common then?
Sugar
glider
NORTH
AMERICA
AUSTRALIA
Flying
squirrel