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Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Mental Disorders Objectives Explain how mental disorders are recognized. Identify four causes of mental disorders. Describe five types of anxiety disorders and four other types of mental disorders. Slide 1 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Quick Quiz Which of the following statements are always true? Which are sometimes true? Which are always false? It is easy to identify a person with a mental disorder. Mental disorders are caused by emotional problems. Mental disorders affect a person’s ability to function. People who have a mental disorder are dangerous. For each of your responses, explain why you gave the answer you did. Slide 2 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders What are Mental Disorders? A mental disorder is an illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’s ability to function, to adjust to change, or to get along with others. Slide 3 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Slide 4 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Slide 5 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Causes of Mental Disorders • Physical Factors Damage to the brain may cause a mental disorder. • Heredity A person may inherit a tendency toward a mental disorder. • Early Experiences Extremely negative experiences that occur early in life can lead to mental illness. • Recent Experiences Some mental health experts think that recent experiences are more likely than early experiences to trigger a mental disorder. Slide 6 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder • A person with this disorder displays intense worry, fears, or anxiety most days for at least six months. Phobias • Anxiety that is related to a specific situation or object is called a phobia. Slide 7 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Slide 8 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Panic Attacks During a panic attack, a person will experience some of the following symptoms. • fast heart rate • choking sensation • rapid breathing • chest discomfort or pain • fear of suffocation • nausea or stomach distress • believes he or she is dying • dizziness or lightheadedness • sweating • fear of losing control • trembling or shaking • an “out of body” sensation Slide 9 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • An unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind is an obsession. • An obsession may lead to a compulsion, an unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared outcome. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • People who survive a life threatening event may develop post-traumatic stress disorder. • Some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are • flashbacks • nightmares • inability to sleep Slide 10 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Mood Disorders • People who have a mood disorder experience extreme emotions that make it difficult to function well in their daily lives. • Depression is an emotional state in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless. Slide 11 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder identified by serious disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness, and behavior. Impulse-Control Disorders • People with an impulse-control disorder cannot resist the impulse, or drive, to act in a way that is harmful to themselves or to others. • Some examples of impulse-control disorders are • kleptomania (taking items not needed or wanted) • gambling • uncontrolled shopping (buying many unnecessary things) Slide 12 of 21 Section 4.1 Mental Disorders Personality Disorders People who have a personality disorder display rigid patterns of behavior that make it difficult for them to get along with others. • Group A: People with personality disorders in this group tend to be cold and distant. • Group B: People with personality disorders in this group are often overly emotional or unstable. • Group C: People with personality disorders in this group often cannot make decisions. Slide 13 of 21