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Schizophrenia • A thought Disorder Schizophrenia • It is a disease that affects 1% of the world’s population • It has more impact on urban people than rural people • It is a disease that affects men and women equally • It is a disease of the brain Schizophrenia is not caused by: • • • • Inadequate parenting Overzealous mothers Poor family relations It is not split personality Schizophrenia and Genetics • 70% of persons who develop schizophrenia have a genetic basis for it. Usually, there is a relative who has the disease. • The closer in relation to the ill person, the more likely one is to get the disease. Schizophrenia and Genetics • If you have an identical twin who has schizophrenia, you have a 50% chance of developing schizophrenia. Schizophrenia: Three Types • Paranoid type • Catatonic type • Disorganized type Paranoid Schizophrenia: the affected person may: • Talk to himself • Gesture to himself • Become preoccupied with idea that he/she is • • being followed or watched Hear voices (possibly from “the devil” or “God”) Develop elaborate delusions and believe outrageous things (such as aliens from another planet have invaded his/her body). Paranoid Schizophrenia: the affected person may: • • • • See things like dark figures, bugs or spots Feel people are out to get them Believe in all sorts of conspiracies Have ideas that no amount of evidence to the contrary can dislodge Catatonic Schizophrenia: the affected person may: • Seem almost frozen and unable to move at times • Stop talking or greatly reduce conversation • Appear lazy, unmotivated and uninterested “out of it” • Become completely detached from reality and have no sense of anything going on around them. Disorganized Schizophrenia: the affected person may: • Talk in jumbled sentences • Be essentially incoherent in their speech • Suffer from an inability to keep track of his/her thought processes and will jump from subject to subject • Become detached from what is happening around them Schizophrenia is often described in terms of positive (not meaning good) and negative (not meaning bad) symptoms • Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations • Negative symptoms are the loss or absence of normal traits or abilities, and include flat affect and emotion, and lack of motivation. • A third symptom grouping, the disorganization syndrome, includes chaotic speech, thought, and behavior. Schizophrenia treatment • Biological • Psychological • Social Schizophrenia Treatment: Biological • Medications – called antipsychotic – (not “antischizophrenic”) – they deal with some of the symptoms • delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior • These drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Schizophrenia Treatment: Psychological • Patients will need therapy – supportive – “digging deep” can help some, but that is the exception, not the rule Schizophrenia Treatment: Psychological • Those who have family benefit most from families who: – are informed about the illness – have support – Have skills to deal with the ill family member Schizophrenia Treatment: Psychological • Family member skills: – low key – low demand – use simple sentences – able to ignore the inconsequential features of the illness – are able to respond to dangerous behavior – can accept that their ill family member may never be like he once was Schizophrenia Treatment: Social • • • • Rehabilitation Social skills training Vocational assistance Environmental modification – reduce stimuli