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Unit 6 4th Edition Psychotic Disorders Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-1 PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS • Disorders where you lose contact with reality…hospitalization is recommended • The worst of the worst mental disorders Mood Disorders • Mood disorders tend to run in families (genetic) Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-3 Bipolar Disorder- TYPES • Bipolar I disorder- full manic episodes • bipolar II disorder- only hypomanic “a high” • 1/3 begin in adolescent years Bipolar I • Most severe mood d/o • at least one manic episode: • Euphoria, flight of ideas, reduced need for sleep, easily distracted, pressured speech • Indestructible feelings— irrational spending, promiscuity Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-5 Bipolar Specifiers • Catatonic features- slowed or stop moving • With/without paranoiadelusions/hallucinations Bipolar II • highs are hypo manic, rather than manic. • mild – chronic swings not as severe as bipolar • typically do not require hospitalization to assure safety. Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-7 Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia tends to run in families. • risk increases with genetic relatedness between individual and family member with schizophrenia. Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-8 Schizophrenia • A predisposition to schizophrenia may be inherited, with development of disorder requiring presence of other factors. Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-9 Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-10 Physical brain differences • brain abnormalities, including larger ventricles, smaller thalamus and limbic system. • Too much dopamine Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-11 Schizophrenia • affects approx. 1% of pop. • Psychotic: separation from reality. • symptoms are classified as positive (distortions or excesses) or negative (reductions or losses). Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-12 Schizophrenia • Positive symptoms include fluent but disorganized speech (clang), delusions, and hallucinations. • Negative symptoms include poverty of speech & emotional expression (flat affect/ apathy) Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-13 Delusions • Grandiose/grandeur: Is a SPECIAL person or has special powers • Persecution/ conspiracy: being followed, harassed, cheated, poisoned or drugged, conspired against, spied on, attacked, or obstructed in the pursuit of goals. • Sin/Guilt: false sense of responsibility for bad things Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-14 Delusions • Reference: insignificant remarks, events, or objects in one's environment have personal meaning • Influence/ control: a person/ people, or external force controls one's thoughts, feelings, or behavior Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-15 Hallucinations • Distorted perceptions: • Auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory and olfactory sensations are distorted Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-16 Schizophrenia • Unusual motor symptoms • lack of movement (catatonia) or echolalia (mimicking other’s movement) and/or echopraxia (mimicking speech) • Avolition (no will) Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-17 Biomedical Therapies • Antipsychotic drugs occupy dopamine receptor sites. • more effective at reducing positive symptoms than negative ones. • antipsychotic drugs can lead to tardive dyskinesia, a reaction involving involuntary motor movements. • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 13-18 Personality Disorders • long-standing dysfunctional patterns of behavior. • 10% prevalence rate • Treatment not usually sought (patients don’t think they are the problem— others are to blame) Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-19 Antisocial Personality Disorder • often described as deceitful, impulsive, and remorseless • Disregard the rights of others • No anxiety symptoms • Low levels of arousal may play a role in this disorder Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-20 Narcissistic Personality D/O • Need for attention/ admiration • Lack of empathy Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-21 Sexual Disorders • Paraphilias -- disorders involving sexual attraction/ arousal in unusual situations or to unusual objects. • Fetishism is a paraphilia -sexually aroused by an object, ex: boots/ feet. Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-22 Sexual Disorders • One explanation for fetishism and paraphilias is classical conditioning. (Behavioral) Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-23 Paraphilic D/Os • • • • • Voyeurism– peeping Exhibitionism—exposing self Necrophilia—corpses Pedophilia—children prior to puberty Frotteurism—rubbing against or touching • Zoophilia—animals Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-24 Models • Psychodynamic: early childhood experiences - attachment • Behavioral: classical conditioning/ learning • Medical: antiandrogens Sexual Sadism • individual is sexually aroused by causing humiliation or physical suffering of others • Deviant behavior Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-26 Deviation from norm Sexual Masochism • individual is aroused by being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer in some way Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-28 Personality and Sexual Disorders • Gender Dysphoria (transsexual) = person believes he or she is a member of opposite sex. Copyright 2004 - Prentice Hall 12-29
