Download Paranoid Personality Disorder

4. Personality Disorders
• Well-established,
maladaptive ways of
behaving that
negatively affect
people’s ability to
function.
• Dominates their
personality.
Three Clusters
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Ten distinct personality clusters are
characterized into three basic clusters
Odd, eccentric cluster
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Anxious, fearful cluster
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Cluster A:
Odd Eccentric Cluster
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Paranoid personality
disorder is
characterized by a
distrust of others
and a constant
suspicion that people
around you have
sinister motives.
• Usually without any
basis for mistrust
Paranoid Personality Disorder
• They search for hidden meanings in everything
and read hostile intentions into the actions of
others.
•quick to challenge the loyalties of friends and
loved ones
•often appear cold and distant to others.
•usually shift blame to others and tend to carry
long grudges.
•3% of population
•Blame others for own shortcomings
Cluster B:
Dramatic, emotional,
erratic cluster
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Lack of empathy.
• Little regard for other’s
feelings.
• View the world as hostile
and look out for
themselves.
• Don’t usually think about
consequences
• Prone to criminal behavior
– Tend to lie and steal
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Often referred to as sociopaths or
psychopaths
• Evidence is seen in behaviors in childhood
or early adolescence
• They often blame the victim for their own
stupidity
• Middle to late adulthood tendencies tend
to diminish
Biological Link to Anti-Social Behavior?
• PET scans illustrate reduced activation in
a murderer’s frontal cortex
Normal
Murderer
Borderline Personality Disorder
• characterized by instability of interpersonal
relationships, self-image, and impulsivity
People with this disorder are
prone to constant mood swings
and bouts of anger. Most
commonly diagnosed
Histrionic Personality Disorder
They need to be the center of
attention all the time, often
interrupting others in order to
dominate the conversation.
Exaggerate friendships and
relationships, believing everyone
loves them
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Having an
unwarranted sense
of self-importance.
• Thinking that you
are the center of
the universe.
Justin Bieber at the Anne
Frank House: “I hope Anne
Frank would have been a
belieber.”
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Start at 2:34
They tend to be
choosy about
picking friends,
since they believe
that not just
anyone is worthy of
being their friend.
They are generally uninterested in the
feelings of others and may take advantage
of them.
Cluster C:
Anxious, fearful
cluster
Dependent personality disorder
• characterized by a pervasive psychological
dependence on other people.
• has difficulty making everyday decisions
without an excessive amount of advice and
reassurance from others
Obsessive Compulsive Personality
Disorder
• characterized by a general
psychological inflexibility,
rigid conformity to rules and
procedures, perfectionism,
and excessive orderliness.
• people with OCPD tend to
stress perfectionism above all
else, and feel anxious when
they perceive that things
aren't "right".
7. Schizophrenic Disorders
Literally means “split mind”
• About 1 in every 100
people are diagnosed with
schizophrenia.
• General onset is between
18-24
• Affects men and women
equally, but men’s
symptoms are more severe
Schizophrenia is characterized
by:
1. Disorganized and delusional thinking.
2. Disturbed perceptions.
3. Inappropriate emotions and actions.
Positive v. Negative Symptoms
Positive Symptoms
•Presence of
inappropriate symptoms
Negative Symptoms
•Absence of
appropriate ones.
Disorganized Thinking &
Speech (+)
Disorganized speech (“word salad”)
• The thinking of a
person with
Schizophrenia is
fragmented and
bizarre and
distorted with false
beliefs.
• Breakdown in
selective attention.they cannot filter
out information 
strong correlation
with ADHD
Delusions (false beliefs)
(+)
• Delusions of
Persecution
• Delusions of
Grandeur
Disturbed Perceptions (+)
• hallucinationssensory experiences
without sensory
stimulation.
Inappropriate Emotions and
Actions (-)
• Laugh at
inappropriate times.
• Flat Effect
• Senseless,
compulsive acts.
• Catatoniamotionless Waxy
Flexibility
Types of Schizophrenia
types of schizophrenia
Disorganized
 Late teen onset
 Worst personality deterioration
 Incoherent speech (word salad)
 Very primitive or inappropriate behavior
(laughing at a funeral)
 Inappropriate affect (mood)
 Uncontrolled grinning and laughter
 Shabby appearance
Catatonic
Onset in early 20s
Mostly negative symptoms
Periods of excitability followed by
deep withdrawal
Parrot-like repeating of others
speech and movements
Waxy flexibility
Paranoid
 Late teens to early 20s onset
 Delusions of persecution or grandeur
that result from a misinterpretation of
reality
 Person is often very agitated
 Popularized on television (A
Beautiful Mind)
Paranoid Schizophrenic at Charlotte City
Hall Meeting
Undifferentiated
 A type of schizophrenia in which
symptoms do not fit neatly into any of
the specific categories (DSM-V)
 Childhood Schizophrenia
causes/effects(?) of schizophrenia
Dopamine Overactivity
Researchers found that schizophrenic patients
express higher levels of dopamine receptors in the
brain.
Knowing this, what kind of medication would a person suffering
with schizophrenia most likely be prescribed:
a dopamine AGONIST
OR
a dopamine ANTAGONIST?
causes/ effects (?) of schizophrenia
Abnormal Brain Activity
Brain scans show abnormal activity in the frontal
cortex, thalamus, and amygdala of schizophrenic
patients.
Paul Thompson and Arthur W. Toga, UCLA Laboratory of Neuro
Imaging and Judith L. Rapport, National Institute of Mental Health
causes/ effects (?) of schizophrenia
Enlarged Ventricles
Both Photos: Courtesy of Daniel R. Weinberger, M.D., NIH-NIMH/ NSC
causes (?) of schizophrenia
Viral Infection
Schizophrenia has also been observed in individuals
who contracted a viral infection (flu) during the
middle of their fetal development.
genetic factors
The likelihood of an individual suffering from
schizophrenia is almost 50% if their identical twin
has the disease
Lifetime risk 40
of developing
schizophrenia 30
for relatives of
a schizophrenic
20
10
0
General
population
Siblings
Children
Fraternal Children
Identical
twin
of two
twin
schizophrenia
victims
Biopsychosocial model
Psychological and environmental factors can trigger
schizophrenia if the individual is genetically
predisposed.
The genetically identical Genain
sisters suffer from schizophrenia.
Two more than others, thus there
are contributing environmental
factors.
Genain Sisters
Facticious Disorders
Facticious Disorders: are conditions in which a
person acts as if he or she has an illness by
deliberately producing, feigning, or
exaggerating symptoms.
Ex. Münchausen syndrome: psychiatric disorder
where one fakes physical or psychological illnesses or
diseases to gain sympathy for themselves.
Münchausen syndrome by proxy: involves inflicting
physical symptoms on others usually a child to gain
sympathy.
Other Disorders
• Paraphilias
(pedophilia,
zoophilia,
hybristophilia)
• Fetishism
• sadist, masochist
• Eating Disorders
• Substance use
disorders
• ADHD
Percentage of Americans Who Have Ever Experienced Psychological Disorders
Ethnicity
Gender
Disorder
White
Black
Hispanic
Men
Women
Totals
Alcohol abuse
or dependence
13.6%
13.8%
16.7%
23.8%
4.6%
13.8%
Generalized anxiety
3.4
6.1
3.7
2.4
5.0
3.8
Phobia
9.7
23.4
12.2
10.4
17.7
14.3
Obsessive-compulsive
disorder
2.6
2.3
1.8
2.0
3.0
2.6
Mood disorder
8.0
6.3
7.8
5.2
10.2
7.8
Schizophrenic
disorder
1.4
2.1
0.8
1.2
1.7
1.5
Antisocial personality
disorder
2.6
2.3
3.4
4.5
0.8
2.6