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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF
CHILDREN AND FAMILY
WEEK 5
STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
AND HEALTH
Introduction
• Stress
- the pressure or demand that is placed upon
an organism to adapt or adjust
• Stressor
- a source of stress
• Distress
- a state of physical or mental pain or
suffering
Adjustment Disorders
• Is a maladaptive reaction to an
identified stressor that develops within
a few months of the onset of the
stressor
• Adjustment disorder is characterized by
significant impairment in social,
occupational, or academic functioning
Stress and Illness
• Stress increases the risk of various types of
physical illness
• Psychoneuroimmunology
studies relationships between psychological
factors and the working of endocrine system,
the immune system and the nervous system
Stress and Life Changes
• The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- To describe a common biological response
pattern to prolonged or excessive stress
- 3 stages
1. alarm reaction
- fight or flight reaction
2. resistance stage
3. exhaustion stage
• There are six major adjustment disorders:
• Adjustment disorder with depressed mood;
• Adjustment disorder with anxiety;
• Adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and
depressed mood;
• Adjustment disorder with disturbance of
conduct;
• Adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance
of emotions and conduct;
• Adjustment disorder unspecified.
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A person with an adjustment disorder with
depressed mood may have mostly a depressed
mood, hopeless feelings, and crying spells.
A person with an adjustment disorder with anxiety
would experience anxious feelings, nervousness,
and worry.
Someone with an adjustment disorder with mixed
anxiety and depressed mood would, obviously,
have a mixture of anxious and depressed feelings.
An individual with an adjustment disorder with
disturbance of conduct may act out inappropriately.
This person may act out against society, skip
school, or begin to have trouble with the police.
A person with an adjustment disorder with mixed
disturbance of emotions and conduct would have a
mixture of emotional and conduct problems.
A Multifactorial View of Health and Illness
• Biological Factor
• Psychological Factors
- Self-Efficacy Expectancies
- Psychological Hardiness
- Optimism
- Humor
• Socioeconomic, Sociocultural, and
Ethnic Factors
- Social Support
• Natural Environmental Factors
• Technological Factors
Psychological Factors and Physical
Disorders
• Headaches
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Asthma
• Cancer
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Your heart is an amazing powerhouse that pumps and
circulates 5 or 6 gallons of blood each minute through your entire
body.
Heart disease begins when cholesterol, fatty material, and
calcium build up in the arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis.
Some of the risk factors for heart disease include smoking,
high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity.
Additional heart disease risk factors include lack of
exercise, an unhealthy diet, stress, and a "type A" personality
One of the most devastating consequences
of heart disease can be sudden cardiac arrest.
Besides chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath, some other
common symptoms of heart disease include jaw pain, back pain, and
heart palpitations.
Other symptoms of heart disease may include dizziness,
weakness, irregular heartbeat, nausea, and abdominal pain.