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PSYCHOLOGY Introduction to Psychological Disorders Judging abnormal behavior? Rate the following statements on the following scale: Rating Scale 1 (Normal) to 5 (Abnormal) I like to cook. A wind storm terrifies me. Evil spirits posses me. Dirt disgusts me. I cannot seem to do anything right. At times I feel like smashing things. Judging abnormal behavior? Groups the judges ones behaviors include: 1. Individual involved 2. Society: Family/Friends/the public 3. Mental Health professionals Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorder - a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: 1. atypical - differs from the norm 2. disturbing--varies with time, culture, context of the situation 3. maladaptive--harmful 4. unjustifiable? Historical Perspective Historically perceived causes: • movements of sun or moon • lunacy--full moon • evil spirits/demons Historical Perspective Ancient Treatments • exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with animal’s blood • Trephining - drill holes in skull to release demons P. Pinel & D. Dix -worked to improve treatment of the mentally ill 2 perspectives 1. Medical Model • concept that diseases have physical causes • can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured • “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital 2 perspectives 2. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective • assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders Psychological Disorders Classifying Disorders DSM-IV American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders presently distributed as DSM-IV-TR (text revision) DSM Info about the DSM: 1. DSM is used to classify disorders 2. The DSM looks at observable behaviors allowing it to be more reliable 3. It does NOT explain causes 4. It has been criticized for being too excessively broad in its range Classifying Disorders Spectrum of Mental Illness: Neurotic ------------------------ Psychotic Classifying Disorders Neurotic Disorder usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially Classifying Disorders Psychotic Disorder loss of contact with reality experiences irrational ideas & distorted perceptions Rates of Psychological Disorders