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EATING DISORDERS
DEFINITIONS
• Body image
• The way you see your body
• BMI
• A ratio that allows you to assess your body size in relation to
your height and weight
• Body composition
• Ratio of body fat to lean body tissue
WEIGHT-RELATED HEALTH RISKS
 Overweight
› A condition in which a person is heavier than the standard
range for his/her height
 Obesity
› Refers specifically to having an excess amount of body fat
 Both can endanger health
 Being overweight may not pose health risks
› Football players : excess muscle tissue rather than excess
body fat
OVERWEIGHT
 15% of teens
 Excess body fat strains muscles and skeletal system
 Heart and lungs work harder
 Increases risk of HBP and cholesterol, type 2
diabetes, asthma and some cancers
UNDERWEIGHT
 A condition in which a person is less than the standard
weight range for his/her height
 Some due to genetics or fast metabolism
 Other diet or exercise excessively
 Little stored body fat to provide body with energy
reserve and may not be consuming enough nutrients or
calories for health and growth
 Can lead to fatigue or inability to fight disease
FAD DIETS
• Weight loss plans that are popular for only a short
time
• Hard to stick to – limit food variety
• Any weight lost is usually regained
LIQUID DIETS
 Replaces all food with liquid formula
 Very low-cal
 Feeling of fatigue
 FDA requires these products to carry a warning
label and recommend being used under close
supervision
FASTING
 Abstain from eating
 Fasting for more than short periods deprives body of
nutrients and energy
 Body will begin breaking down protein stored in muscle
for energy
 Avoiding liquids as well may cause dehydration
 Religious fasting is usually okay
› Diabetes or other health conditions not advised
DIET PILLS
• Suppress appetite
• Can cause drowsiness, anxiety, heart racing and
other serious side effects
• Can lead to dehydration
WEIGHT CYCLING
• Repeated pattern of loss and regain of body
weight
• Common in followers of fad diets
• Slow and steady weight loss is the best strategy for
long lasting results
EATING DISORDERS
 Extreme, harmful eating behavior that can cause
serious illness or even death
 May be brought on by mental or emotional factors:
poor body image, social/family pressures, perfectionism
 May be partly genetic
 ~90% of those with ED are female
 Need professional help
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
 Irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe
weight loss from self-imposed starvation
 Psychological disorder with emotional and physical
consequences
 Most often in teenage girls and young women
 Symptoms:
› Extremely low caloric intake, obsession with exercising,
emotional problems, unnatural interest in food, distorted
body image and denial of eating problem
ANOREXIA NERVOSA CONTINUED
 Health consequences
› Drastic reduction of body fat may cause females to stop
menstruating
› Loss of bone density
› Low body temp
› Low blood pressure
› Slowed metabolism
› Reduction in organ size
› May develop serious heart problems leading to cardiac arrest or
death
TREATMENT FOR AN
• Stay at a clinic or hospital
• To receive nutrients to regain weight and strength
• Psychological treatment
• Addresses problems leading to the disorder
BULIMIA NERVOSA
 Disorder in which some form of purging or clearing
of the digestive tract follows cycles of eating
 Fasts or follows a strict diet and then binges
 Person may vomit or take laxatives to clear the
food from the body
 After binge, person may try dieting again
 Symptoms:
› Distorted body image
› Unnatural interest in food
BULIMIA NERVOSA CONTINUED
 Health Consequences
Dehydration, kidney damage or irregular heartbeat
Destroys tooth enamel
Tooth decay
Damages tissues of stomach, esophagus and mouth
Frequent use of laxatives disrupts digestion and
absorption; can cause nutrient deficiencies
› Laxatives can change composition of blood
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TREATMENT FOR BN
• Medication
• Psychological counseling
BINGE EATING DISORDER
• Disorder characterized by compulsive overeating
• Huge amounts of food at 1 time and do not purge
• May signal use of food as a coping mechanism
BINGE EATING DISORDER
• Health consequences
• Unhealthful weight gain
• Type 2 diabetes
• Heart disease
• Stroke
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Gallbladder problems
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Increased risk of certain cancers
BINGE EATING DISORDER
• Treatment:
• Psychological counseling
• Sometimes medication
HOW TO HELP
• Need professional medical and psychological help
• Discuss problem with a trusted adult
• Encourage friend to seek help and be supportive
MEDIA AND BODY IMAGE
• Does the ad include people with a variety of
shapes and sizes?
• How do the people look in the advertisement? (thin,
overweight, normal)
• Do you think people using this product have the
body type shown?
• Do you think the models naturally look this way or
do you think the picture has been enhanced?
• How do the people appear in the ad? (happy,
unhappy, neither)
• How would you describe the product being
advertised?