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CULTURE AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY PSYC 338 Culture and Psychopathology • What’s normal and abnormal ? • Expression of Abnormal Behavior • Assessment and Diagnosis of Abnormal Behavior • Explanations of Psychopathology • Treatment Culture and Psychopathology • What’s normal and abnormal ? Roots of inquiry into Culture and Psychopathology • Kraepelin (1904) found, on his world tour promoting his system of diagnosis that some cultures may need further examination in diagnosis of their disorders (e.g. latah). Culture permeates all aspects of Psychopathology • • • • • Experience Expression Explanation Assessment Treatment Explanations of Psychopathology • • • • • Biological Psychological Social Ecological Spiritual Case Studies A Pakistani patient complains of pain and weakness “ I have pains in my head, I have a body ache” “ I have lost all of my strength” What’s your diagnosis? Expression of Abnormal Behavior Symptoms of depression as an affective disorder Affect- depressed mood Behavior- withdrawn Cognitive- guilt, worthlessness Somatic complaints Is depression manifest the same way across cultures? Feelings of Guilt Guilt-based societies: “I have done something wrong, and even if it is never discovered and nobody else but me knows about it, I am distressed and disgusted with myself.” Shame-based societies: “I have done something wrong in the eyes of other people. People who matter to me are disgusted with my behaviour, and therefore I am distressed because I cannot face them. What’s normal? Mental illness in a Laotian village • • • • • • Dangerous behavior Disruptive and dysfunctional activities Communication problems Delusions Inappropriate affect Somatic symptoms Culture Specific Idioms of Disease • • • • Nervios Ataque de nervios Rootwork Susto Culture Bound Syndromes • • • • Latah Amok Koro Anorexia nervosa “Dissociative disorders” “Dissociative disorders” Kleinman writes: ‘trance and possession states are ubiquitous in non-western societies and were so in the West prior to the modern age ... Only the modern secular west seems to have blocked individuals’ access to these otherwise pan-human dimensions of self’ (1988, p.50). Trance and possession •Zar (East Africa) •Spell (Southern US) •Izizwe (Zulu, South Africa) •Speaking in toungues (Fundamentalist Christain US) •Kitsune possession (Japan) Trance and possession •Kitsune possession (Japan)
