Download Depression During Pregnancy

Are Women more
Vulnearble to
Depression than Men
Wafaa El-Bahaey
Prof. of Psychiatry, Mansoura Univ.
14 – 12 - 2011
Why?
High Prevalence
The Story of Women Depression
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (5%/ 40%)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
……. …….. …… …… …… ……
Depression during Pregnancy (10 %)
Depression during Pregnancy
……..
……..
Post- Partum Depression (10 %)
Post- Partum Depression
……..
……..
Menopausal & Post-menopausal Depression
Father
Mother
Children
Family Unit
Mother
Suffering of
Mother
Adverse Effects
on
Child development
Family
crisis
What is Depression?
Symptoms of Depression
• Psychological
• Physical & Physiolog
– Depressed mood
– Sleep disturbance
– Decreased interest
in activities
– Appetite/weight
changes
– Feelings of guilt,
hopelessness
– Difficulty
concentrating
– Suicidal thoughts
– Fatigue
– Decreased energy
To diagnose Depressive illness:
More than 2 weeks of at least 5 of:
• Depressed mood
• Diminished interest in activities
• Significant weight loss or gain
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Motor agitation or retardation
• Fatigue and/or loss of energy
Gender Differences in
Depression
I-Prevalence
Men vs. Women
• Depression affects less
than 2% of men.
• Depression affects 4.5%
of women.
• 5%-12% of men will
become depressed in
their lifetime.
• 20% of women will
become depressed in
their lifetime.
• Unmarried men have
higher rates of
depression.
• Married women have
higher rates.
• unhappy marriage leads
to depression in Women
3 times than men.
II-Symptom Profile
• Women have earlier onset of depression
• Episodes may last longer and recur more often
• More atypical symptoms (hyper-somnia, hyper-phagia)
• Suicide attempts more frequent but less successful
• More anxiety symptoms than men
• More associated migraine headaches
• More feelings of guilt
• Less substance abuse than men
III-Vulnerability
• A- Biological
• B- Psychosocial
A- Biological
• Genetic
• Neurotransmitters
• Hormonal
B-Psychological
• Socialization & Society’s stereotypes increase
the vulnerability of women.
• Men: Self-esteem is usually driven outdoors
Women: Self-esteem is focused indoors
• women are more sensitive to stressful life
events: (?? Poorer coping style)
Thank you
Disorder Prevalen
ce
Blues
30-75%
Onset
Duration Treatment
Day 3 or 4
Several
days
None
Postpartu 10 –
m
15%
Depressio
n
Within
weeks
Weeks –
Months
Postpartu 0.01 –
m
0.02%
Psychosis
Within 2
weeks
Weeks –
months
Treatment
by GP or
psychiatrist
usually
required
Psychiatric
emergency
Hospitalizat
ion required