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Are Women more Vulnearble to Depression than Men Wafaa El-Bahaey Prof. of Psychiatry, Mansoura Univ. 14 – 12 - 2011 Why? High Prevalence The Story of Women Depression Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (5%/ 40%) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ……. …….. …… …… …… …… Depression during Pregnancy (10 %) Depression during Pregnancy …….. …….. Post- Partum Depression (10 %) Post- Partum Depression …….. …….. Menopausal & Post-menopausal Depression Father Mother Children Family Unit Mother Suffering of Mother Adverse Effects on Child development Family crisis What is Depression? Symptoms of Depression • Psychological • Physical & Physiolog – Depressed mood – Sleep disturbance – Decreased interest in activities – Appetite/weight changes – Feelings of guilt, hopelessness – Difficulty concentrating – Suicidal thoughts – Fatigue – Decreased energy To diagnose Depressive illness: More than 2 weeks of at least 5 of: • Depressed mood • Diminished interest in activities • Significant weight loss or gain • Insomnia or hypersomnia • Motor agitation or retardation • Fatigue and/or loss of energy Gender Differences in Depression I-Prevalence Men vs. Women • Depression affects less than 2% of men. • Depression affects 4.5% of women. • 5%-12% of men will become depressed in their lifetime. • 20% of women will become depressed in their lifetime. • Unmarried men have higher rates of depression. • Married women have higher rates. • unhappy marriage leads to depression in Women 3 times than men. II-Symptom Profile • Women have earlier onset of depression • Episodes may last longer and recur more often • More atypical symptoms (hyper-somnia, hyper-phagia) • Suicide attempts more frequent but less successful • More anxiety symptoms than men • More associated migraine headaches • More feelings of guilt • Less substance abuse than men III-Vulnerability • A- Biological • B- Psychosocial A- Biological • Genetic • Neurotransmitters • Hormonal B-Psychological • Socialization & Society’s stereotypes increase the vulnerability of women. • Men: Self-esteem is usually driven outdoors Women: Self-esteem is focused indoors • women are more sensitive to stressful life events: (?? Poorer coping style) Thank you Disorder Prevalen ce Blues 30-75% Onset Duration Treatment Day 3 or 4 Several days None Postpartu 10 – m 15% Depressio n Within weeks Weeks – Months Postpartu 0.01 – m 0.02% Psychosis Within 2 weeks Weeks – months Treatment by GP or psychiatrist usually required Psychiatric emergency Hospitalizat ion required
