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Transcript
Endocrine System Hormones Reproduction Updated 2015-2016. Based on Notes by Kim Foglia R.I.P. Brief Review of the Endocrine System Endocrine system releases hormones glands which secrete chemical signals into blood chemicals cause changes in other parts of body slow, long-lasting response growth hormones sex hormones response hormones metabolism hormones and more…. Hormones Hormones coordinate slower but longer–acting responses to stimuli such as stress, dehydration, and low blood glucose levels. Hormones also regulate long–term developmental processes by informing different parts of the body how fast to grow or when to develop the characteristics that distinguish male from female or juvenile from adult. Hormone–secreting organs, called endocrine glands, are referred to as ductless glands because they secrete their chemical messengers directly into extracellular fluid. From there, the chemicals diffuse into the circulation. Glands Pineal Pituitary insulin, glucagon Ovary adrenaline Pancreas thyroxine Adrenal many hormones: master gland Thyroid melatonin estrogen Testes testosterone What do they do? Maintain homeostasis blood sugar level temperature control Start a new process growth fetal development sexual development Body Temperature Sex & Growth Hormones Large scale body changes how do they work turn genes on start new processes in the body by turning genes on that were lying “dormant” Pituitary gland hormones Sex & reproductive hormones FSH LH luteinizing hormone stimulates ovaries & testes prepares uterus for fertilized egg oxytocin follicle stimulating hormone stimulates egg & sperm production stimulates childbirth contractions releases milk in nursing mothers prolactin milk production in nursing mothers hormones hormones Reproductive hormones Testosterone from testes sperm production & secondary sexual characteristics Estrogen from ovaries egg production, preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics Male reproductive system Testicles Scrotum where sperm mature Vas deferens sac that holds testicles outside of body Epididymis produces sperm & hormones tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm Egg maturation in ovary releases progesterone maintains uterus lining produces estrogen LH Menstrual cycle Controlled by interaction of 4 hormones egg development FSH & LH estrogen progesterone FSH ovulation = egg release corpus luteum estrogen progesterone lining of uterus days 0 7 14 21 28 Feedback Female reproductive cycle egg matures & is released (ovulation) estrogen builds up uterus lining corpus luteum ovary progesterone FSH & LH maintains uterus lining fertilized egg (zygote) HCG yes pituitary gland pregnancy GnRH hypothalamus no corpus luteum breaks down progesterone drops menstruation corpus luteum progesterone maintains uterus lining Female hormones FSH & LH Estrogen released from pituitary stimulates egg development & hormone release peak release = release of egg (ovulation) released from ovary cells around developing egg stimulates growth of lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation Progesterone released from “corpus luteum” in ovaries cells that used to take care of developing egg stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation Fertilization Any Questions?? 2015-2016