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Transcript
Chapter 3 Section 3 The Endocrine System Obj: Identify the hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system and the role each one plays. Hormones and Effect on the Body The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones stimulate reactions. Psychologists study hormones because they affect behavior and emotional reactions. • Pituitary Gland – responsible for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior such as the growth hormone. • Thyroid Gland – produces thyroxin which affects the body’s metabolism – it’s rate of converting food to energy. • Adrenal Gland – the outer layer of the adrenal gland, or cortex, secretes cortical steroids which increase resistance to stress and promote muscle development. They also release adrenaline and noradrenaline. • Testes and Ovaries – produce the hormones testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone that play an important role in development, development of primary and secondary sex characteristics and have psychological as well as biological effects. • Testosterone – male sex hormone, although females have small amounts of it. It is kind of steroid…affecting muscle mass, etc. It also stimulates the sex drive and raises self-esteem. • Estrogen and Progesterone – female sex hormones, although low levels are found in men. Together, they regulate the menstrual cycle. Changes in levels have been linked to PMS.