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Active Lecture Questions CHAPTER 16 The Endocrine System Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A major difference between neurotransmitters and hormones is that hormones are secreted ____________. a. directly onto their target cell b. into the cerebrospinal fluid c. into ducts d. into the blood Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A major determinant of a hormone’s mechanism of action is __________. a. whether the hormonal molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic b. its size c. whether it is rapid acting or slow acting d. if it activates gene activity or not Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Receptors for steroid hormones are commonly located _________. a. inside the target cell b. on the plasma membrane of the target cell c. in the blood plasma d. in the extracellular fluid Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Interaction with a membrane-bound receptor will transduce the hormonal message via __________. a. depolarization b. direct gene activation c. a second messenger d. endocytosis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Treatment of a hormone’s target cell with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor will result in ________. a. immediate cessation of cell response to the hormone b. prolonged activity of the cell c. inability of the hormone to bind to its receptor d. irreversible binding of the hormone to its receptor Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Second messenger–activating hormones circulate in minute quantities because: a. they are not important signal molecules. b. small concentrations of hormone can activate many intracellular signals via amplification. c. they are continuously released from the gland. d. neurotransmitters also bind to hormone receptors. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following molecules act as second messengers? a. cAMP b. Ca2+ c. Inositol triphosphate d. All of the above Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. It’s possible for a steroid hormone and a protein hormone to affect the same intracellular protein because: a. the steroid hormone may direct the synthesis of the protein. b. the protein hormone may activate the protein. c. the protein hormone may direct the synthesis of the protein. d. of all of the above. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. In order for a hormone to activate a target cell, the target cell must possess _______. a. a receptor b. a second messenger c. the hormone d. a chaperone Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The most common form of endocrine malfunction is __________. a. failure of the gland to produce the hormone b. insensitivity of the target cell to the hormone c. overproduction of the hormone by the gland d. All of the above are common disorders. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When the pancreas releases insulin in direct response to blood glucose, this is an example of ________ stimulation. a. humoral b. neural c. hormonal d. negative feedback Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When an infant suckles at his mother’s breast, the mother’s neurohypophysis releases oxytocin. This is an example of __________ stimulation. a. humoral b. neural c. hormonal d. negative feedback Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When the ovaries secrete estrogen in response to the hormone GnRH, this is an example of __________ stimulation. a. humoral b. neural c. hormonal d. negative feedback Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood levels of hormone are kept within very narrow ranges by _________ mechanisms. a. humoral b. neural c. hormonal d. negative feedback Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormones secreted into the hypophyseal portal system are delivered directly to the ________. a. neurohypophysis b. adenohypophysis c. median eminence d. infundibulum Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The long bone growth-promoting effects of growth hormone are mediated by __________. a. somatostatin b. somatotrophs c. somatomedins d. insulin Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Secretions from the corticotrophs activate cells of the _______, while secretions from the gonadotrophs affect cells of the ________. a. adrenal cortex; gonads b. thyroid; mammary glands c. gonads; adrenal cortex d. mammary glands; gonads Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A patient is displaying high volumes of urine output and severe dehydration. The most likely cause is _________. a. hyposecretion of oxytocin b. hypersecretion of oxytocin c. hyposecretion of ADH d. hypersecretion of ADH Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Common secretion(s) of the thyroid gland is (are) _________. a. calcitonin b. triiodothyronine c. thyroxine d. all of the above Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A patient is losing weight rapidly, sweating profusely, and is always anxious. The patient may be suffering from _______. a. hypothyroidism b. cretinism c. hyperthyroidism d. hypersecretion of calcitonin Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Occasionally, a female patient will experience hirsutism, or excessive facial hair growth. However, blood tests reveal that her levels of testosterone are normal for a female. Another cause could be hypersecretion of: a. catecholamines. b. mineralocorticoids. c. glucocorticoids. d. gonadocorticoids. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Two hormones govern calcium regulation. ________ acts to elevate blood calcium levels, whereas ________ lowers blood calcium levels. a. PTH; calcitonin b. Thyroid hormones; calmodulin c. Calcitonin; PTH d. Calcitonin; thyroid hormone Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. __________ is the adrenal hormone responsible for maintaining appropriate blood sodium levels. a. Cortisol b. DHEA c. Aldosterone d. Epinephrine Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. _________ trigger(s) secretion of aldosterone. a. Increased K+ b. Angiotensin II c. ANP d. Both a and b Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. During times of stress, elevated levels of _______ often occur, which explains why we get a cold during final exam time. a. cortisol b. aldosterone c. ACTH d. androgens Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Along with the sympathetic nervous system, the _________ is the other primary mediator of acute stress. a. adrenal medulla b. adrenal cortex c. zona glomerulosa d. zona reticularis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The secretion of ________ helps regulate our circadian rhythms. a. estrogen b. testosterone c. thyroid hormones d. melatonin Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The thymus secretes the hormone(s) ______________. a. thymopoietin b. thymosin c. thymic factor d. all of the above Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following structures produces a hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production? a. Stomach b. Heart c. Kidney d. Skin Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following structures produces a precursor to hormonal vitamin D, important for Ca2+ regulation? a. Stomach b. Heart c. Kidney d. Skin Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.