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Energy Notes What is the ability to cause a change in matter? energy What is the measure of how much work something can produce? energy What is work? Using force to move an object Why is energy not a type of matter? Matter: Solid, liquid, gas Energy: Ability to move matter around What law states that energy can never be made or destroyed, but it can change forms? Law of Conservation of Energy What do people use energy for? Use the energy stored in food to move, to talk, and even to sleep What is kinetic energy? Energy in motion Give an example of kinetic energy. Airplane Person flying riding a bike What is potential energy? Energy an object has because of its condition or position (stored energy) Give an example of potential energy. A ball sitting on a desk waiting to fall A book on a shelf waiting to fall When can something have both kinetic and potential energy? As a book falls from the shelf, it loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy What is the movement of energy from one place or object to another? Energy transfer Give an example of transferring energy? Throwing a basketball from yourself to your teammate, and then this person dribbles the ball. What is energy that comes from the Sun? Solar Energy What does “solar” mean? “of the sun” When do people use solar energy? Solar-powered calculators Energy from the Sun travels as ____________. radiation What are the two types of radiation? Light- We can see Heat- We can feel What would Earth be like without solar energy? Ball of frozen rock with no life How is solar energy useful? Electricity for some buildings Heat water (swimming pools and home showers) What are problems with solar energy? expensive Many places do not have enough sunny days What is energy stored in fuel called? Chemical energy How can it be released, and what is it when it is not being used? By a chemical reaction (like burning) When it is not being used it is potential energy Give an example of a chemical reaction. Burning wood What energy is the combination of all the potential and kinetic energy that something has? Mechanical energy Give an example of mechanical energy. Helicopter moving- Kinetic Energy Fuel in tank- Chemical Energy, which is potential The combining of both causes mechanical energy What energy comes from an electric current? What is another name for it? Electrical Electricity energy Give an example of electrical energy. What is energy in the form of vibrations that travel through matter? Sound energy Give an example of sound energy. Placing hands on radio and feeling the vibrations Feeling the vibrations of sounds with their feet What is thermal energy? Heat energy What is the transfer of thermal energy between objects with different temperatures? Heat How does thermal energy travel? From warmer objects to a cooler object What is transferred when you hold a hot mug? Thermal energy goes from cup to your hand What is lost from the same mug when you hold it? Energy is lost in the mug and transferred to your hands. What is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance? Temperature What is the most common way to produce heat by rubbing things together? Friction Give an example of friction. Rubbing your hands together Slamming brakes on the car’s What is a set of parts acting together as a whole object? System Give an example of a system. A burner, a pot, and water are a system that produces thermal energy. What is transfer of thermal energy from one object directly into another? conduction Give an example of conduction. Holding a hot mug What is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a gas or a liquid? convection Give an example of convection. A pot of boiling water What is the transfer of energy by waves that move through matter and space? radiation Give an example of radiation. Radiation Sun from the What doesn’t radiation need that conduction and convection need? Matter for heat to travel through What does conduction require? Two objects must be in contact What does convection require? Requires or a liquid a gas What is reflection? Heat or light bounces off an object What is anything that slows the movement of thermal energy? insulators What is anything that allows thermal emery to move through it easily called? conductors Why is the handle on a spoon in a glass of hot coffee extremely hot and the foam cup is not very hot at all? Spoon: Metal and good conductor of heat Foam Cup: Insulator of heat What is the best conductor of heat? metal Is a solid, liquid, or gas the easiest to transfer energy? solid What is the poorest thermal conductor of heat? Gases What is hydroelectric energy? Moving water that can spin to make electricityHoover Dam What are fossil fuels and give some examples. Fuels that formed from the remains of once-living things Coal, oil, and natural gas What are the remains or traces of past life, and it is found in sedimentary rock? Fossils What is any material that can be used to satisfy a need? Resource What is a resource that, once used up, cannot be replaced within a reasonable amount of time? Nonrenewable resource Give an example of a nonrenewable resource. Oil, gas coal, natural What is using less of something to make the supply last longer? conservation Give an example of conservation. Using less hot water Less electricity What is a resource that can be replaced within a reasonable amount of time? Renewable resource Give an example of a renewable resource. Solar (Sun) Wind Energy What is anything that dirties or harms the environment? pollution What are some forms of air pollution? When coal, oil, and natural gas are burned, the gases are released into the atmosphere. What is wind energy? Wind turns windmills which generate electricity Bowling Green What are the pros and cons of wind energy? Pros: Cons: No pollution Costly and take up large areas of land