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WHAT IS ENERGY? • THE ABILITY TO DO WORK OR CAUSE CHANGE IS CALLED ENERGY There are two basic kinds of energy… • KINETIC ENERGY- The energy an object has due to its motion. • POTENTIAL ENERGY-Stored energy That results from the position or shape of an object. • For example, a car parked in a driveway has potential energy. When the ignition is started and it drives away, the car gains kinetic energy as it moves. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION • Transfer of energy is called energy transformation • Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms. • Some energy changes involve one transformation while others involve many transformations. • Single Transformations • Multiple Transformations • A toaster transforms electrical energy to thermal energy to toast your bread. • The mechanical energy used to strike a match is transformed first to thermal energy. The thermal energy causes the particles in the match to release stored chemical energy, which is transformed to thermal energy and electromagnetic energy you see as light. • A cell phone transforms electrical energy to electromagnetic energy that travels to other phones. • Your body transforms the chemical energy in your food to mechanical energy you need to move your muscles. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY • The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be destroyed or created. RENEWABLE ENERGY • Used to describe energy sources that are replenished by natural processes on a sufficiently rapid time-scale so that they can be used by humans more or less indefinitely, provided the quantity taken per unit of time is not too great. • Energy that can be replenished at the same rate as it is used Renewable energy sources • • • • Wind power Hydropower Solar energy Geothermal NON RENEWABLE ENERGY • A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which cannot be produced, re-grown, regenerated, or reused on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources often exist in a fixed amount, or are consumed much faster than nature can recreate them. • Energy that cannot be replaced once it is used or energy that is not being replaced as fast as it is being used • Used to describe energy sources that exist in a limited amount on Earth. Thus all available material could eventually be completely used up Non-Renewable energy sources • • • • Fossil fuels: coal petroleum natural gas • Nuclear power: • Uranium