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Energy:
States and
Resources
Nature of Energy
• Energy is all around you!
– You can hear energy as sound.
– You can see energy as light.
– And you can feel it as wind.
Nature of Energy
• You use energy
when you:
– hit a softball.
– lift your book bag.
– compress a spring.
Nature of Energy
Living organisms need energy
for growth and movement.
Nature of Energy
• Energy is involved
when:
–
–
–
–
a bird flies.
a bomb explodes.
rain falls from the sky.
electricity flows in a
wire.
• What is energy that it can be involved
in so many different activities?
–Energy can be defined as the
ability to do work.
–If an object or organism does work
(exerts a force over a distance to
move an object) the object or
organism uses energy.
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• Energy can be neither created
nor destroyed by ordinary
means.
• It can only be converted from one
form to another.
Energy Conversion
 Energy can be changed
from one form to another.
Changes in the form of
energy are called energy
conversions.
(or transformations)
States of Energy
The most common energy conversion is
the conversion between potential and
kinetic energy.
 All forms of energy can be in either of
two states:

 Kinetic
 Potential
KINETIC ENERGY
Energy of motion
What is Potential Energy?
Energy that is stored
and waiting to be
used later.
Potential Energy Converted
to Kinetic Energy…
When stored energy begins to move,
the object now transfers from
potential energy into kinetic energy.
Standing still
Running
THE TRADE OFF Between Potential
& Kinetic Energy
Energy Resources
 1. Fossil Fuels
 2. Nuclear Power
 3. Biomass
 4. Geothermal Power
 5. Wind Power
 6. Hydropower
 7. Solar Power
COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and
natural gas are called
fossil fuels. They are
nonrenewable because
they can not be
replenished in a short
period of time.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear fission uses
uranium to create
energy.
Nuclear energy is a
nonrenewable
resource because
once the uranium is
used, it is gone!
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are natural
resources that can be replenished in a
short period of time.
● Biomass
● Geothermal
BIOMASS
Energy from
burning organic
or living matter.
Why is energy
from biomass
renewable?
Biomass Power
 Biomass
means
burning wood,
dung, sugar
cane or garbage.
 All
can be
replaced in a
short period of
time.
Geothermal Power
• Geothermal
energy means
getting heat
from hot rocks
within our
Earth.
• Renewable
Geothermal Power
• Hot water
comes up out
of the ground,
and we use the
heat to make
steam to drive
turbines and
heat buildings.
Perpetual
• Resources that exist in continual
supply, no matter how much they
are used.
• Hydropower (Water)
• Wind Power
• Solar Power
Perpetual – a constant
moving supply of energy.
Hydroelectric Power
• Hydropower means
getting energy from
flowing water.
• Perpetual
• No pollution, no fuel
needed, no waste.
• Building a dam
means flooding a lot
of land.
WIND POWER - What is it?
 A perpetual
energy that ultimately
comes from the sun.
 Wind
doesn’t cause pollution, and
doesn’t need fuel.
 It
needs a lot of generators
to get a sensible
amount of power.
Generators need to be placed
where winds are reliable.
Solar Energy
• Solar power is
perpetual.
• Solar power doesn’t
cause pollution and
doesn’t need fuel.
• Solar cells are
expensive.