Download consist of receptors and accessory organs. Skin, visual organ

The sensory organs
1.General description
2.Visual organ
广西医科大学解剖学教研室
劳明 制作
Copyright @2003 lao ming All rights reserved
General description
Concept of receptors: ( are a structure)
receive the stimulation from the external or internal
environment of body, and convert it into nerve impulse.
Classify:
Exteroceptors: in skin,the mucous membrane of the
nasal and oral cavity,visual and auditory organs
Enteroceptors: in the wall of the viscera, the heart
,blood vessel
Proprioceptors:in muscles,tendons,joint and ligaments
Sensory organs:
～consist of receptors and accessory organs.
Skin, visual organ, vestibulocochlear organ
The visual
Organs
(eyes)
1.Composition
1) eyeball
2) accessory organs
2.Function
to receive
light , color.
The eyeball
The wall 1.Fibrous tunic
cornea
sclera
2.Middle coat iris
ciliary body
choroids
3.Inner tunic iris part
blind part
(retina )
ciliary part
optic part
The contents Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous body
The wall of the eyeball
1. Fibrous tunic
Cornea
①transparent,
②non-vascular,
③sensory nerve
terminals
Sclera
(sinus venous sclera)
2. Middle membrane
1) iris
2) ciliary body
3) choroid
1) The iris
pupil
sphincter pupillae
dilator pupilae
2)The ciliary body
the ciliary body (consist of ciliary muscle )
ciliary processes—ciliary zonule---lens
ciliary muscle relax---curvature of lens↓
ciliary muscle contract---curvature of lens ↑
3) The choroids
contains rich pigment cells and vessels
3. Inner tunic
( retina)
iridial
part
Iridial part
Ciliary part
Optic part
ciliary
part
optic part
(blind
part)
The fundus of eyeball—internal surface of
post. part of eyeball
① optic disc
(blind spot )
②macula lutea
( yellow spot)
3.5mm to the
temporal side of
optic disc
③ central
artery and
vein of retina
( A:V=1:2)
Ophthalmoscopic
Examination
Which side
the picture show?
Left or right ?
3) The structure of retina
(Outer) pigment cell lamina
(retinodialysis)
(rod cells
light
impulse
(Inner) nervous layer
① photoreceptors
sensive to weak light)
(cone cells
sensive to strong light and
color )
② bipolar cell
③ ganglion cells
The contents of the eyeball
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous body
Refrative media:
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous body
1.Aqueous humor
form:
Ciliary body
Route:
Post. Chamber
↓
Pupil
↓
Ant.chamber
↓
Iridocorneal angle
↓
Sinus venous sclera
Function: supply nutrient,
Maintain normal intraocular
pressure
2. Lens 1) Biconvex ,more convex for post. surface
2) Lens capsule, ciliary zonule—ciliary body
3) Near vision—increase lens convexity,
far vision----decrease of lens convexity
3.Vitreous body
1)Jelly-like
substance
2)supporting the
retina
3.Clinically practice
/ Cornea--- sensitive to pain stimulating,
/ Aqueous humor---if circulation blocked,
pressure of eyeball increase, glaucoma
/ Lens---if became opaque, senile cataract
/ Vitreous body---If supporting role weakened,
retinodialysis
The accessory organs of the eyeball
1. Eyelids
2. Conjunctiva
3. Lacrimal
apparatus
4. Extraocular
muscles
5. Fasciae
1. The eyelids
Morphology upper eyelids
lower eyelids
palpebral fissure Medial angle Lateral angle
Lateral angle
Medial angle
Structures
of the eyelid
1) skin--thin
2) subcutaneous
loose, no fat
3) muscles
orbicularis oculi
levator M
Mǚller muscle
4) tarsus
5) Conjunctiva
2. Conjunctiva
1) bulbar conjunctiva
2) palpebral conjunctiva
3) conjunctiva fornices
3. Lacrimal apparatus
1) lacrimal gland
2) lacrimal passage
1.Superior, inferior
lacrimal punctum
2.Superior, inferior
lacrimal ductules
3.lacrimal sac
4. nasolacrimal duct ↓
(Inferior nasal meatus) The pathway, you feel bitter in
pharynx after eyedrops
4. Extraocular muscles
( the name and the
function of the muscles )
Sup. Rectus--superomedially
Inf. Rectus--inferomedially
Med. Rectus--medially
Lat. Rectus--laterally
Sup. Oblique--inferolaterally
Inf. Oblique—superolaterally
Levator palpebral superior—
elevate the superior eyelid
extraocular
muscles
Superior view
5.The connective tissue of the orbit
1)adipose body of
orbit
2)sheath of eyeball
(capsule of Tenon)
3)episcleral space
▲strabismus(cross-eye) medially
▲conjunctivitis(red eye)
▲closed eye”—orbicularis oculi
“open eye”---levator palpebrae superioris
(only upper eyelid move upper)
voluntary
▲pupil diminish--- sphincter pupillae
pulpil dilate----dilator puillae
(unvoluntary, adjusted by light)
▲tuyan (one of the symptons of hyperthyroidism)