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Chapter 15
Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and Knee
Anatomy Review
Bones of the Region
1.
2.
3.
4.
Musculature
Muscles of the Region
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Ligaments
Knee Ligaments
Major ligaments are:
• Tibial or medial collateral.
• Fibular or lateral
collateral.
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Medial and lateral collaterals
protect the knee from
_______/_________ forces.
Meniscus
• There are two semicircular fibrocartilaginous
disks in the knee known as the __________.
• These disks are located in the space between
the __________________________.
• Responsible for lubrication and nourishment
of the knee joint, weight distribution, and
assistance with _______________________.
Common Sports Injuries
Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella
•
• These injuries may also be in the form of a
stress fracture, especially in the femoral
neck region.
•
Fractures of the Femur and/or
Patella
• In the adolescent, femoral fractures may
include slipped capital epiphysis injuries.
• In the adult, fractures of the femoral neck
may result in ______________________of
the femoral head.
•
Fractures of the Femur
and/or Patella (cont.)
Signs and symptoms include:
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The injury needs to be evaluated by a physician.
Avascular necrosis is a serious complication.
Fractures of the Femur
and/or Patella (cont.)
First Aid
• Treat for shock.
•
• Apply sterile dressings to
any open wounds.
•
• Arrange for transport to a
nearby medical facility.
Courtesy of Kevin G. Shea, MD, Intermountain Orthopaedics, Boise, Idaho
Dislocation of the Knee or
Tibiofemoral Joint
Dislocation of the knee or the tibiofemoral joint can
compromise blood flow to the lower leg.
Signs and symptoms include:
•
•
First Aid
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Soft Tissue Injuries to the
Thigh
• These injuries usually result from direct contact
with an opponent or self-inflicted muscle strain.
•
Signs and symptoms of a muscle contusion include:
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Muscular Strains to the Thigh
Hamstrings and adductor muscles are most
likely to sustain strains.
•
• Hamstrings usually are weaker and more
susceptible to strains than quadriceps.
•
• Stretching is a part of recovery program.
Muscular Strains to the Thigh
(cont.)
Signs and symptoms include:
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Muscular Strains to the Thigh
(cont.)
First Aid
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Patellofemoral Joint Injuries
Acute and chronic injuries can affect
patellofemoral joint. Such injuries can be
debilitating and must be treated.
_________________________________or
“joint mice”
• Condition occurs when small pieces of bone
are dislodged from joint and float within
capsule.
•
• Damage to joint surface can occur.
Patellofemoral Joint Injuries (cont.)
Signs and symptoms of OCD include:
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First Aid
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Bursae of the Knee
A bursa is a small
fluid-filled sac
located at strategic
points.
•
Bursae of the Knee (cont.)
Inflammation can be caused by:
•
•
•
The prepatellar bursa is susceptible to direct
trauma.
Bursae of the Knee (cont.)
Signs and symptoms
include:
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•
Courtesy of Brent Mangus
Bursa of the Knee (cont.)
First Aid
•
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Patellar
Dislocation/Subluxation
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• Instead of moving normally, the patella
moves laterally and may dislocate.
Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation
(Cont.)
Signs and symptoms include:
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Patellar
Dislocation/Subluxation
(cont.)
First Aid
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Osgood-Schlatter Disease
and Jumper’s Knee
Osgood-Schlatter and _______________ usually
involve irritation of the patellar tendon complex.
Signs and symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter
include:
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Osgood-Schlatter Disease
First Aid
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Jumper’s Knee
Signs and symptoms of jumper’s knee include:
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First Aid
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Patellofemoral Conditions
Some conditions of the patella
may be related to the
________________.
• The Q angle is the
difference between a
straight line drawn from
the anterior superior iliac
spine and the center of
the patella and a line
drawn from the center of
the patella through the
center of the tibial
tuberosity.
Patellofemoral Conditions
(cont’d)
•
• An excessive Q angle
may be related to
problems such as
patellar
_________________.
Meniscus Injuries
Menisci are typically damaged by quick, sharp, cutting
movements.
•
There are many different types of tears, and they affect
each athlete differently.
•
Meniscus Injuries (cont.)
Signs and symptoms include:
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Meniscus Injuries (cont.)
First Aid
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Knee Ligament Injuries
Injury may occur to the
MCL, LCL, ACL, or
PCL.
•
© Alessandro Bianchi/Reuters/Landov
Knee Ligament Injuries (cont.)
Sprain to MCL is a common sports injury.
•
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Both types of sprains render knee unstable in
side-to-side movements.
Knee Ligament Injuries (cont.)
Cruciate Ligament Injuries
• ACL can be injured when the tibia moves
forcefully in an anterior direction or when the
femur gets pushed backward while the tibia is
held in place.
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• The stronger the quadriceps activation during
eccentric contraction, the greater the
likelihood of ACL injury, especially in female
athletes.
Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Signs and symptoms include:
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Cruciate Ligament Injuries
(cont.)
First Aid
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Prevention
• Research is continuing to outline techniques
that will hopefully prevent various injuries.
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• Protective bracing should be the athlete’s
choice.
•
Knee Bracing
___________ ______
The general
consensus
regarding
prophylactic knee
braces indicates that
they do not prevent
knee ligament
Courtesy of DJO Incorporated
injuries.
Courtesy of Mueller Sports Medicine
Knee Bracing (cont.)
________________________
These braces tend to work
better than prophylactic
braces for assisting athletes
after reconstructive knee
surgery.
• Monitor athletes to make
sure they wear braces
during participation.
•
Courtesy of Bledsoe Brace Systems